CLAS/HIST3001 Early Athens

But First ... Midterm! Definitions: Who: Lycurgus What: apoikia Where: Messenia

Discussion passages: “Finally the ultimate partnership, made up of numbers of villages and having already attained the height, one might say, of self- sufficiency – this is the polis. It has come into being in order, simply, that life can go on; but it now exists so as to make that life a good life.” What is the significance of this passage with reference to Archaic and Dark Age Greek history?

The Athenaion Politeia Though ascribed to Aristotle, not passed down through textual transmission through the centuries Lost until 1890, when it was discovered in Egypt Critical to our understanding of early Athenian political history Authorship disputed

Conspiracy of Cylon/Kylon C64 On what does he base his coup? Why did it fail? Why is it an important story in the time of Herodotus and Thucydides? (c5th)?

Athens' First Nomothetes: Drakon Noted for harshness, why? Look at A) and B): Who are they written by? How do these inform our debate about authorship?

Seventh-century Magistrates of Athens Nine archons Basileus Polemarchos: 'war archon' The archon, later known as eponymous archon Six thesmothetai, literally 'decree-placers'

The Areiopagus: Hill of Ares Place today Panel then: Former archons

Second Law-giver: Solon Deals with period of stasis This Greek word means 'gridlock' and civil war Principally blames the 'love of money and excessive pride' of the elites! What were his credentials? (C66.5) What was the most outstanding problem? Hektemorage: Sixth-part-ness

Economic Classes Solon's revolution begins by replacing breeding with wealth: C7 What would Theognis think? What would Hesiod think? Is this democratic?

Sortition Solon also is said to have used a lottery to chose the magistrates from among finalists C67.8 How does this fit with our idea of democracy?

Seisachtheia: Shaking of of Burdens Aristotle is most beneficial when quoting Solon's poetry, as at end of Crawford p139 What did Solon do for the enslaved?

After Solon Solon's rule a 'pseudo-tyranny'? C68 Solon was a failed reformer like M. Gorbachev, too moderate to succeed Ath. Pol.: times of no archon, literally anarchia What was the basis of the strife hereafter?

Regionalism People of Shore, Plain and 'Uplands'

Athens' Tyranny 546 - 511 How did he come to power (C69)? What does the inscription at C71 tell us about how he and Hippias ruled?

The Murder of Hipparchos Why according to Ath. Pol? C72 What doesn't wash about this? Reign lasted for 3 or 4 more years, but heralded as beginning of democracy (C73) Why?

The Expulsion of the Peisistratids C74: What is the major force that makes this happen? SPARTA!! Good reason to make the drinking-song about Harmodius and Aristogeiton! What could Sparta's motivation be? Not intending Kleisthenes' democratic revolution that followed Aiming to remove the tyrant as a populist force Association with the aristocracy of Athens, Alkmaionidai

Reforms of Kleisthenes “an unprecedented fragmentation which facilitated an unprecedented unification” Phylai = 'tribes' Hereafter, citizen is someone registered in deme

Ostrakismos Safety-valve of the state C79