The Internet of Things… Riding the sixth wave Ellen Cole | Business 550

everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it.” “The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it.” - Mark Weiser

Overview The Internet of things (IoT) is the network of physical devices, vehicles, home appliances, and other items and/or devices embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and network connectivity which enable them to connect and exchange data. The IoT refers to the connection of everyday devices to the Internet. IoT is also known as “ubiquitous computing” Sketchy Ladder

About IoT is not an actual technology, it is the result of several complimentary technologies that work together to expand capabilities and bridge the gap between the virtual and physical world: Communication – Wi-fi, Bluetooth, GSM & UMTS. Addressability – Objects can be located, addressed, and configured via discovery, look-up or name services. Identification – Objects are uniquely identifiable via RFID, NFC, and optical bar codes. Sensing & Actuating – Collect environment information and manipulation of the environment.

About Embedded Information Processing – Micro-processors are used to synthesize sensor data and provide a “memory” of how things and been used. Localization – GPS and mobile phone networks, UWB and RFID readers used to make IoT devices aware of their locations. User Interface – IoT devices communicate with people using a tangible UI. Smartphone, voice, image and gesture recognition.

History 1982 - The first IoT device was a Coke Machine at Carnegie Mellon University. It was first modified, and connected to the internet to be able to report its inventory and temperature. 1991 - Mark Weiser at Xerox PARC publishes article in Scientific American called ‘The Computer for the 21st Century. Weiser coins the term “ubiquitous computing”. 1999 – IoT officially became the IoT. The term is first coined by Kevin Ashton to describe a system where the Internet is connected to the physical world. 2000 – LG announces plans for the first internet enabled refrigerator. 2008 – 2009 – More things were connected to the internet than people on Earth.

Current Applications Government Fleet telematics - Use of sensors to remotely monitor the location, performance, and behavior of vehicles within a fleet. 75 Federal agencies have begun to use telematics to improve the efficiency of government vehicles. Improving public health and safety - Federal agencies are using the IoT to improve disaster-response efforts. The Department of Veterans Affairs has equipped some of its hospitals with sensors that monitor the buildings’ structural integrity during an earthquake and notify hospital administrators if they need to evacuate patients and staff. Monitoring weather - NOAA’s operates advanced networks of environmental sensors on every continent, as well as satellites, buoys and ocean platforms, and weather balloons. This data supports a wide variety of public and private-sector services, including resource management, transportation planning, weather forecasting, and insurance pricing.

Current Applications Military Network centric warfare – Networked sensors to enhance military precision and reduce operational pause. Connected technologies on the battlefield to train soldiers, and to safeguard military supply chains. Improved care to injured troops – The Army has equipped of soldiers’ helmets with the Headborne Energy Analysis and Diagnostics System (HEADS) sensors that record data about blows to the head to study how troops sustain traumatic brain injuries. Wearable technologies to collect data that can determine what kind of injury a soldier has sustained, the injury’s severity, evacuation time, treatment information, and whether surgery is needed.

Current Applications Commercial Manufacturing Agriculture Banking Production flow monitoring Remote equipment management Condition-based maintenance alerts Agriculture Tracking temperature, soil acidity, etc. to increase crop production Banking ATM machines Food Service Smart menus Retail Beacons + mobile apps to track and drive consumer behavior Energy management

Current Applications Consumer Connected home Connected cars Wearables Connected appliances Simply Safe - home security Nest Thermostats - climate control Alexa & Echo – voice activated devices to control your smart home devices Connected cars Infotainment – music & audio customized to the users taste Voice command & hands free technology Wi-Fi Autonomous driving Wearables Fitbit Apple watch Smart glasses Pet GPS Healthcare

Challenges Scalability – Larger scope than the internet of computing. Arrive and Operate – IoT devices, unlike computers, must not require user configuration, but will need to orient and configure themselves to a new environment. Interoperability – Must have a standardized schema for all devices. Software Complexity – Minimal resources available on the smart device. Data Volume & Interpretation – Huge volumes of data now available. How do we generated and interpret useful information. Security and Privacy – Controlling the communication via selective access Power Supply – Capacity and environmental impact.

Future Smart Systems (System of Systems) More than just connected “things” – Smart Systems integrate all connected devices and utilize the data to make improvements. Smart Home - Make entertainment more interactive, increase comfort, save energy Smart Car - Reduce emissions, increase safety, save fuel Smart Industry - Productivity gains, efficiency, agility Smart Cities - Reduce traffic congestion, improve security, efficient use of resources https://youtu.be/7BBY_t6PZaw

Future Driving Economic Growth The IoT is expected to be key to economic growth By 2025, IoT is expected to have an economic impact of between $3.9 and $11.1 trillion annually. By 2030, IoT technologies could add about $15 trillion to global GDP. Organizations that make use of IoT technologies will be at least 10% more profitable.

Future Driving economic growth per sector $1.95 trillion from manufacturing through “smart factory” techniques $1.95 trillion from marketing and sales through location-based mobile advertising $757 billion from municipalities through “smart grid” technologies $635 billion from entertainment through connected gaming and media $349 billion from infrastructure through “smart building” technologies $347 billion from transportation through connected ground vehicles $106 billion from health care through connected patient monitoring

Multiple Choice Questions The IoT is a result of all of the following complimentary technologies except? User Interface Software Complexity Sensors Addressability

Multiple Choice Questions Which of the following is not considered a challenge for the IoT environment? A. Security and Privacy B. Environmental Impact C. Differing Cultural Norms D. Data Volume & Interpretation

Multiple Choice Questions By 2030, IoT technology is expected to add how much to the global GDP? $1.5 Trillion $15 Billion $1.3 Billion $15 Trillion

Questions? Thank you

Resources http://www2.datainnovation.org/2016-federal-iot.pdf http://www.businessinsider.com/internet-of-things-devices-applications- examples-2016-8 https://www.i-scoop.eu/internet-of-things-guide/internet-of-things-in- manufacturing/ https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/digital-mckinsey/our- insights/the-internet-of-things-the-value-of-digitizing-the-physical-world https://www.mercatus.org/publication/projecting-growth-and-economic- impact-internet-things https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1604/1604.02980.pdf