Types of Matter

Types of Matter All the matter in the universe is made up of particles. 2 general categories: Pure substances Elements Compounds Mixtures Homogenous Mixtures Heterogeneous Mixtures

Pure Substances Made of only one kind of matter and has definite properties. Every sample of a pure substance is the same. 2 kinds of Pure Substance: Elements Atoms – Neon (Ne) Molecules – Oxygen (O2) Compounds Molecules – Water (H2O) Ions – Sodium Chloride (NaCl)

Elements Elements are pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances. Composed of atoms - the most basic units of matter. All matter in the universe is composed of atoms. Atoms are single units. Neon (Ne) Molecules are two atoms of the same kind combined. Oxygen (O2)

Compounds A substance made of two or more elements that are chemically combined. Have a definite ratio

Elements in a Compound Water = H2O 2 Hydrogen (H) 1 Oxygen (O)

Compounds Properties of a compound are always different from the properties of the elements that form them. Carbon (C) = powdery black solid Hydrogen (H) = invisible gas Oxygen (O) = invisible gas C12H22O11 (Table Sugar)

Mixtures Two or more substances that are in the same place but are not chemically combined. The individual substances keep their separate properties. Sugar in lemonade may not be visible but you can taste it! Can be separated. Evaporation, separation, boiling No definite ratio Salt Water Blood

Parts of a Mixture Solute – What is being dissolved. Solvent – What is doing the dissolving (water) Concentration – The amount of solute in a solvent. Solution Solute Solvent Salt Water Salt Water Lemonade Lemonade Mix

Mixtures Homogenous Mixtures: 2. Heterogeneous Mixtures: Solution Evenly distributed 1 solute in a solvent 2. Heterogeneous Mixtures: Suspension Not evenly distributed Multiple solutes in a solvent Blood (RBC + WBC + Platelets + Plasma) Salt Water (NaCl + H2O)

Solubility How well a type of matter can dissolve in a solvent is called solubility. Two factors affect the rate at which solutes dissolve in solvents: Temperature The higher the temperature of the liquid solvent, the more solute can be dissolved. The higher the temperature of a gas solvent, the less solute can be dissolved. Pressure The greater the pressure of the solvent, the more solute can be dissolved.

Solubility Curve Water NaNO3, NH4Cl, KClO3 45g 30°C What is the solvent in this experiment? What are the solutes? At 75°C, how much KClO3 has dissolved? 90g of NaNO3 will dissolve at what temperature? What is the relationship between the temperature of the water and the amount of solute that can be dissolved? Water NaNO3, NH4Cl, KClO3 45g 30°C Higher the temperature, more solute dissolves