The Two Levels of Organizational Culture 24 The Two Levels of Organizational Culture Explicit – as visible artifacts and observable behaviors, the way people dress, act, symbols, stories, ceremonies Implicit – values, beliefs, assumptions and feelings

Sources of Organizational Culture Founders’ or early leaders’ beliefs, values and assumptions (vision, philosophy, strategy) When these ideas and values become successful, they become institutionalized and organizational culture emerges that reflects the vision and strategies of the founders

Two Primary Functions of Organizational Culture Integration of employees and To help organization adapt to the external environment culture and response to customers and competitors

Interpreting Culture Rites and Ceremonies For example Student Council at a university and its opening ceremony, founders’ day, annual awards, employee weekend lunches etc.) Stories, heroes, villains, legends, myths Symbols the above mentioned are all symbols plus there are physical symbols e.g. office layout in consulting companies, architecture, ergonomics, inverted organizational charts Language Specific sayings, slogans, metaphor, and other form of language to convey special meanings to employees

Organizational Design and Culture 7 s Model of McInzee

Culture and Hiring

Cultural Shock