Chapter Twelve Organization Size, Life Cycle, and Decline 課程教授：任維廉教授 Chapter Twelve Organization Size, Life Cycle, and Decline 課程教授：任維廉教授 報告學生：楊逢新 報告日期: 12/28 1
outline Organization Size: Is Bigger Better? What is Bureaucracy? Organizational Life Cycle Organization Characteristics During Four Stages of Life Cycle Organizational Size, Bureaucracy, and Control Bureaucracy in a Changing World Bureaucracy versus Other Forms of Control Organizational Decline
Differences Between Large and Small Organizations
Organization Size: Is Bigger Better? Pressures for Growth Companies in all industries strive for growth to acquire the size and resources needed to compete globally Size enables companies to take risks Dilemmas of Large Size Large organizations are able to get back to business more quickly following a disaster Large companies are standardized, mechanistic and complex Small companies are flexible and can be responsive
Organization Size: Is Bigger Better? (續) Big-Company / Small-Company Hybrid Large companies can retain flexibility and customer-focus by decentralizing authority, cutting out layers of the hierarchy, and using information technology.
What is Bureaucracy?
Weber’s Dimensions of Bureaucracy and Bases of Organizational Authority
Organizational Life Cycle
Organization Characteristics During Four Stages of Life Cycle
Size and Structural Control Formalization – rules, procedures, and written documentation Centralization – level of hierarchy with authority to make decisions Personnel Ratios – clerical and professional support staff ratios
Percentage of Personnel Allocated to Administrative and Support Activities
Bureaucracy in a Changing World Bureaucracy worked for the industrial age The system no longer works for today’s challenges Today bureaucracy leads to inefficiency Organizations are creating temporary structures to respond to crisis
Approaches to Busting Bureaucracy Cutting layers of hierarchy Maintaining light headquarter staff Empowering lower-level workers The increasing professionalism of employees is attacking bureaucracy
Bureaucracy versus Other Forms of Control Type Requirements Bureaucracy Rules, standards, hierarchy, legitimate authority Market Prices, competition, exchange, relationship Clan Tradition, shared values and beliefs, trust
Organizational Decline The decrease of an organization’s resources is caused by: Organizational atrophy Vulnerability Environmental decline or competition Downsizing refers to intentionally reducing the size of a company’s workforce
A Model of Decline Stages
Downsizing Implementation Consider voluntary programs Communicate more, not less Allow employees to leave with dignity Provide assistance to displaced workers Use ceremonies to reduce anger and confusion Comfort not to displaced workers
Discussion (1)本文第一章節有提到 Big-company/small-company hybrid的公司型態，那麼什麼樣的組織適合這種類型呢？ (2)當組織發生嚴重的衰退期，除了利用裁員使公司精簡化，減少成本之外，還有其他方法可以使公司起死回生嗎?