AMARANTHUS Belongs to the genus Amaranthus and family Amaranthaceae.

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AMARANTHUS Belongs to the genus Amaranthus and family Amaranthaceae. Family Amaranthaceae comprises 65 genera and 850 species, of which only 50-60 species are edible Its native of India and is common leafy vegetable grown during summer & rainy season. rapid growth, quick rejuvenation after each harvest, high yielding capacity, high nutritive value. Leaves & tender stems are rich source of proteins, mineral, Ca, Fe, folic acid, vitamin A & C. Centers of diversity are Central and South America, India, south-east Asia Secondary center of diversity is west Africa and east Africa Among leafy types, A. tricolor occupies a predominant position in India (South India) with different morphological forms in colour and shape of leaves A. blitum and A. tristis are the other species which are under cultivation. A few other are weeds viz., A spinosus, A. viridis and A. graecizans which are used as pot herbs, are widely distributed in fallow lands. Interspecific and inter-varietal hybridization in nature has caused a wide variation differing in pigmentation of plant parts as well as in the inflorescence.

The important species of leafy amaranth are A. tricolor (2n=2x=32) dubius Mart.ex Thell.(2n=64) A. lividus A. blitum tristis L. A. viridis L. graecizans L. The most popular grain amaranth species are: hypochondriacus L. A. cruentus L.(2n=32) A. caudatus L.

Amaranthus spinosus Amaranthus viridis Amaranthus tricolor

Bailey (1966) classified Amaranthus as : Blitopsis Amaranthus have flower clusters in axils have only terminal flower clusters consists of the green types includes important grain types Self pollinated Favour cross pollination The basic unit of the inflorescence is dichasial cymes called glomerule Dominant green perianth colour is a marker to detect cross pollination in grain types AMARANTHUS SPECIES ARE CHARACTERISTICALLY WIND POLLINATED (Anemophilous)

Varieties recommended Co.1( A. dubius) Co.2 ( A. tricolor) Co.3 (A. tristis) Chhoti Chaulai (A. blitum) Badi Chaulai (A. tricolor) Pusa Kirti (A. tricolor) Pusa Kiran (A. tricolor x A. tristis) Puasa Lal Chaulai (A. tricolor) Arka Suguna (introduction IIHR 13560) Arka Arunima Amont (A. cruentus)

Climate Widely distributed in both temperate and tropical regions of the world Grow under varying climatic conditions; day length and respond differently to changes in photo- and thermo- periodism. A. caudatus, A. cruentus and A. edulis are short day species, while A. hypochondriacus is day neutral Soil Sandy loam slightly acidic is preferred Heavy clay soils with very poor drainage or sandy loam with very poor water holding capacity are not suitable

Sowing Time Throughout the year in south India In north Indian plains May-June Seed Rate(kg/ha) Direct sown: 2kg Transplanted crop: 1kg Spacing: 20 x 20cm Manuring and fertilization FYM@25tonnes N:P:K(kg/ha): 75:25:25 Irrigation Need irrigation after 5-7 days till first two months but gradually no irrigation is required when monsoon start ensure proper drainage

Harvesting Insect pests First cut/harvest may be taken after 25-30 days of sowing/transplanting Either whole plant is uprooted by pulling or multi-cuts (4-5) may be taken Yield is about 60-80q/ha Insect pests . Insects Control Leaf webber, caterpillars and ants Spray Malathion 50 EC@1.5-2ml/l) Diseases Leaf spot, white rust Spray DM-45@2.5/l Bacterial leaf spot Spray streptocyclin@1mg/l