Will the Legal Status of the European Space Infrastructures Be the Next Challenge of the EU ? Sirius '17 Workshops on Space, Business and Law October 12th, 2017 Emerging Risks and Opportunities in Space Sector? Risques émergents et Opportunités naissantes dans le secteur spatial? MARCO FERRAZZANI Conseiller Juridique Agence Spatiale Européenne - ESA

Infrastructures Economic, strategic, political relevance Decisions making and funding remains public Geopolitical and international standing From a classical public function to a modern mix of interests: PFI/PPP SMART infrastructures as a trend

European Space Infrastructures

Challenges European decision authority: EU, ESA In Outer Space or on the ground: treaties apply or national laws? Infrastructure regulations: National Defence Host Agreements with International Organisation Treaty based international regulations: ICAO, SARSAT, WMO Content regulations: intellectual property, cyber law

EU law EU Council Directive 2008/114/EC of 8 December 2008 on the identification and designation of European critical infrastructures and the assessment of the need to improve their protection http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32008L0114

N° 6600/SGDSN/PSE/PSN du 7 janvier 2014 Country National Law Where to find it Belgium Loi 01.07.2011 relative à la sécurité et la protection des infrastructure critiques (includes all ECI sectors except air transport for which a separate royal decree has been adopted) https://centredecrise.be/sites/default/files/loi_du_1er_juillet_2011_sur_les_ic_0.pdf http://www.etaamb.be/fr/arrete-royal-du-02-decembre-2011_n2011014317.html France Instruction Générale Interministérielle relative a la sécurité des activités d’importance vitale N° 6600/SGDSN/PSE/PSN du 7 janvier 2014 http://circulaire.legifrance.gouv.fr/pdf/2014/01/cir_37828.pdf

Gesetz zur Neuregelung energiewirtschaftsrechtlicher Vorschriften Country National Law Where to find it Germany Gesetz zur Neuregelung energiewirtschaftsrechtlicher Vorschriften Vom 26. Juli 2011 (Amendment of the Energy Law) This is only regulating infrastructure concerning energy not transportation. http://www.bundesgerichtshof.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Bibliothek/Gesetzesmaterialien/17_wp/NeuregEnergVorschr/bgbl.pdf;jsessionid=C5456A1F86603786F456DFDF27D31DC1.1_cid294?__blob=publicationFile Italy DECRETO LEGISLATIVO 11 aprile 2011, n. 61 Attuazione della Direttiva 2008/114/CE recante l'individuazione e la designazione delle infrastrutture critiche europee e la valutazione della necessita' di migliorarne la protezione http://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.legislative:2011-04-11;061 http://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/atto/serie_generale/caricaDettaglioAtto/originario?atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=2011-05-04&atto.codiceRedazionale=011G0101&elenco30giorni=false

Implementatieplan voor de EPCIP-richtlijn, januari 2009 Country National Law Where to find it Netherlands Implementatieplan voor de EPCIP-richtlijn, januari 2009 https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen. nl/stcrt-2010-20996.html https://www.eerstekamer.nl/eu/documenteu/22112_793_implementatieplan_voor/f=/vi2fl7wq1kp7.pdf Spain LPIC: Ley 8/2011 de Protección de Infraestructuras Críticas, de 28 de abril 2011 Real Decreto 704/2011 con el Reglamento de protección de las infraestructuras críticas, de 20 de mayo 2011 https://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.ph p?id=BOE-A-2011-7630 https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2011-8849 United Kingdom Strategy Framework and Policy Statement of the Cabinet Office from 1st March 2010. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/62504/strategic-framework.pdf

COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 2008/114/EC of 8 December 2008 on the identification and designation of European critical infrastructures and the assessment of the need to improve their protection (extracts) Article 1 Subject matter This Directive establishes a procedure for the identification and designation of European critical infrastructures (‘ECIs’), and a common approach to the assessment of the need to improve the protection of such infrastructures in order to contribute to the protection of people.

Article 2 Definitions For the purpose of this Directive: (a) ‘critical infrastructure’ means an asset, system or part thereof located in Member States which is essential for the maintenance of vital societal functions, health, safety, security, economic or social well-being of people, and the disruption or destruction of which would have a significant impact in a Member State as a result of the failure to maintain those functions; (b) ‘European critical infrastructure’ or ‘ECI’ means critical infrastructure located in Member States the disruption or destruction of which would have a significant impact on at least two Member States. The significance of the impact shall be assessed in terms of cross-cutting criteria. This includes effects resulting from cross-sector dependencies on other types of infrastructure;

Article 3 Identification of ECIs Pursuant to the procedure provided in Annex III, each Member State shall identify potential ECIs which both satisfy the cross-cutting and sectoral criteria and meet the definitions set out in Article 2(a) and (b). (…) 3. The sectors to be used for the purposes of implementing this Directive shall be the energy and transport sectors. The subsectors are identified in Annex I. Article 4 Designation of ECIs 1. Each Member State shall inform the other Member States which may be significantly affected by a potential ECI about its identity and the reasons for designating it as a potential ECI.

Article 5 Operator security plans The operator security plan (‘OSP’) procedure shall identify the critical infrastructure assets of the ECI and which security solutions exist or are being implemented for their protection. The minimum content to be addressed by an ECI OSP procedure is set out in Annex II. Article 6 Security Liaison Officers 1. The Security Liaison Officer shall function as the point of contact for security related issues between the owner/operator of the ECI and the relevant Member State authority.

EU Space programme Regulation (EC) No 683/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 July 2008 on the further implementation of the European satellite navigation programmes (EGNOS and Galileo) Commission Decision of 20 April 2009 establishing an expert group on the security of the European GNSS systems (2009/334/EC)

First Conclusions  EU – Belgium example of a space critical infrastructure; Arrangement dated 8 April 2014 between ESA and the Kingdom of Belgium granting to the site of the ESA Centre in Redu the status of critical infrastructure.