NA61/SHINE: hadron production in p+p/A and A+A interactions at the CERN SPS Antoni Marcinek (Jagiellonian University) for the NA61 collaboration Layout: General info Detector Physics goals Neutrino physics – first results Cosmic rays physics Physics of strongly interacting matter 19/03/2010 Rencontres de Moriond - QCD and High Energy Interactions

SHINE – SPS Heavy Ion and Neutrino Experiment General info SHINE – SPS Heavy Ion and Neutrino Experiment University of Athens, Athens, Greece University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland KFKI IPNP, Budapest, Hungary Cape Town University, Cape Town, South Africa Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia Fachhochschule Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland Jan Kochanowski Univeristy, Kielce, Poland Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow, Russia LPNHE, Universites de Paris VI et VII, Paris, France Faculty of Physics, University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia State University of New York, Stony Brook, USA KEK, Tsukuba, Japan Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Warsaw, Poland Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Successor of NA49 Fixed target experiment on a secondary beam Proposal November 2006, pilot run 2007, first physics run 2009 Collaboration of 125 physicists, 24 institutes, 13 countries 19/03/2010 Rencontres de Moriond - QCD and High Energy Interactions

Rencontres de Moriond - QCD and High Energy Interactions Detector NA49: Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A430, 210 (1999) NA61: CERN-SPSC-2006-034, CERN-SPSC-P-330 TPC read-out (x10) ToF (x2) PSD (x10) Beam pipe (x10) 19/03/2010 Rencontres de Moriond - QCD and High Energy Interactions

Detector – particle identification ToF – low momenta s(p)/p2 » 10-4 (GeV/c)-1 s(ToF) » 60-120 ps s(dE/dx)/<dE/dx> » 4% p K dE/dx – very low and high momenta p combined ToF and dE/dx – medium momenta p K e p 19/03/2010 Rencontres de Moriond - QCD and High Energy Interactions

Physics goals Data for neutrino and cosmic rays experiments – p/p+A Super-Kamiokande Precision measurements: Measure hadron production in p/p+C interactions needed for T2K and cosmic-ray, Pierre Auger Observatory and KASCADE, experiments Extensive air shower Measure hadron production in the T2K target needed for the T2K (neutrino) physics 19/03/2010 Rencontres de Moriond - QCD and High Energy Interactions

Physics goals Physics of strongly interacting matter – p+p/A, A+A transition quark-gluon plasma hadron gas Discovery potential: Search for the critical point of strongly interacting matter Precision measurements: Study the properties of the onset of deconfinement in nucleus-nucleus collisions Measure hadron production at high transverse momenta in p+p and p+Pb collisions as reference for Pb+Pb results 19/03/2010 Rencontres de Moriond - QCD and High Energy Interactions

Rencontres de Moriond - QCD and High Energy Interactions Neutrino physics T2K One of processes: p+®m++nm BR=99.9877% Neutrino oscillations – The energy spectrum of neutrinos of a given flavour measured at the far detector is compared with that extrapolated from measurements at the near detector with and without oscillation hypothesis. Precise knowledge of hadron production is essential to predict the energy spectrum of neutrinos at the near detector (for neutrino cross section measurements) and to extrapolate the measured spectrum in the near location to the far detector with a precision of 2-3%, using a Monte-Carlo prediction of the neutrino beam tuned with the NA61 hadron production data. For details see the slides of N. Abgrall and K. Matsuoka from EW session. 19/03/2010 Rencontres de Moriond - QCD and High Energy Interactions

Rencontres de Moriond - QCD and High Energy Interactions Neutrino physics 2 strategies of n beam simulation – 2 targets p+C 31 GeV/c 6M events 2009 + 660k 2007 p+(T2K target) 31 GeV/c 4M events 2009 + 230k 2007 19/03/2010 Rencontres de Moriond - QCD and High Energy Interactions

Rencontres de Moriond - QCD and High Energy Interactions Neutrino physics Results for p+C thin target @ 31 GeV/c 3 analysis methods 4 bins of q – the angle between beam and particle track only statistical errors plotted systematic errors <20%, still work in progress to lower them Preliminary Preliminary Preliminary Preliminary 19/03/2010 Rencontres de Moriond - QCD and High Energy Interactions

Measuring cosmic-ray composition Fe? Pierre Auger Observatory 10

Rencontres de Moriond - QCD and High Energy Interactions Cosmic rays physics p+C 158 GeV/c 5M events p+C 350 GeV/c 6M events 19/03/2010 Rencontres de Moriond - QCD and High Energy Interactions

Physics of strongly interacting matter water strongly interacting matter critical point 1st order phase transition 19/03/2010 Rencontres de Moriond - QCD and High Energy Interactions

Physics of strongly interacting matter Study the onset of deconfinement Onset of Deconfinement: early stage hits transition line, observed signals: kink, horn, step kink T horn energy step µB M.Gaździcki., M. Gorenstein, APPB30:2705 NA49, PRC77:024903 collision energy 19/03/2010 Rencontres de Moriond - QCD and High Energy Interactions hadron production properties

Physics of strongly interacting matter Search for the critical point Critical Point: freeze-out close to critical point, and system large enough, expected signal: a hill in event-by-event fluctuations T energy A µB Stephanov et al., PRD60:114028 19/03/2010 Rencontres de Moriond - QCD and High Energy Interactions

Physics of strongly interacting matter The first 2D (energy/system size) scan in history of A+A collisions circles – extrapolated chemical freeze-out points: F. Beccatini, J. Manninen, M. Gaździcki Phys. Rev. C73, 044905 (2006) NA61 collected data 19/03/2010 Rencontres de Moriond - QCD and High Energy Interactions

Physics of strongly interacting matter The first 2D (energy/system size) scan in history of A+A collisions 19/03/2010 Rencontres de Moriond - QCD and High Energy Interactions

Physics of strongly interacting matter 4M events p+p at 158 GeV/c p+p at 40 GeV/c 6M events p+p at 80 GeV/c p+p at 31 GeV/c 3M events p+p at 20 GeV/c 2M events

Rencontres de Moriond - QCD and High Energy Interactions Summary First NA61 preliminary results from 2007 are made public Lots of data collected in 2009 – 9 reactions, 40M events – is under calibration Precise hadron production measurements are crucial for neutrino, as well as cosmic rays experiments System size and energy scan started is crucial for the study of the onset of deconfinement and search for the critical point Preparation of the ion beams for the NA61 ion program approved by the CERN Research Board on March 3, 2010 and the scan is planned to be performed in 2011- 2014 19/03/2010 Rencontres de Moriond - QCD and High Energy Interactions

Rencontres de Moriond - QCD and High Energy Interactions Additional slides 19/03/2010 Rencontres de Moriond - QCD and High Energy Interactions

Rencontres de Moriond - QCD and High Energy Interactions definitions 19/03/2010 Rencontres de Moriond - QCD and High Energy Interactions

Central collisions of light and medium size nuclei are required for the proposed fluctuation studies Event-by-event fluctuations in the number of interacting (participant) nucleons are the main source of the background in the fluctuation studies The fluctuations of the number of projectile participants are suppressed by selecting collisions with fixed number of projectile spectators (in NA61 measured by PSD) The fluctuations of the number of target participants can be suppressed only by selection of very central collisions peripheral central Number of projectile participants Konchakovski et al., Phys. Rev. C 73, 034902 Fluctuations of target participants

19/03/2010 Rencontres de Moriond - QCD and High Energy Interactions

NA49 search for the critical point First hint of the fluctuation hill? PRC78:034914 PRD60:114028 arXiv:0810.5510 23