Separation Technology TKP 4105 Diffusion (binary): Fick’s law Distillation (binary): Both components A and B are volatile. Absorption (ternary): Gas component A diluted in an inert carrier gas C contacted with liquid B (which maybe volatile). Extraction (ternary): Three mutually soluble components.
So, what’s all about? Mass balances, mass balances, mass ... Units, units, units ... Distillation (constant pressure): Difference in volatility caused by changes in T. Absorption (constant T and P): Driving force is partial pressure. Extraction(constant T and P): Driving force is liquid mole fraction.
Mass transfer (Chapter 6 and 7) Stationary flux (Eqs. 6.2-14,15) Stefan tube (Eq. 6.2-20) Equimolar diffusion (Eq. 6.2-5) Varying cross-sectional area (Eq. 6.2-32) Chapman-Enskog relation (Eq. 6.2-44) Unsteady state diffusion (Eq. 7.1-7)
Absorption (Chapter 10) Countercurrent stages (Eq. 10.3-13) Kremser equations (Eqs. 10.3-22,25) Packed towers (Eq. 10.6-4 and Fig. 11.6-7)
Distillation (Chapter 11) Phase diagrams (Figs. 11.1-1,2,3) Flash distillation (Eq. 11.3-10) Distillation with reflux (Eqs. 11.4-3,4) McCabe-Thiele method (Eqs. 11.4-8,11,19 and Fig. 11.4-8) Total & minimum reflux (Figs. 11.4-10,11)
Extraction (Chapter 12) Phase diagrams (Figs. 11.5-1,2,3,4) Single stage operation (Eqs. 12.5-7,8,9) Countercurrent operation (Eqs. 12.7-3,4,10 and Figs. 12.7-4,5)