The Pelvic Cavity I

The Viscera in Pelvic Cavity Urinary System: Pelvic ureter & Bladder Digestive System organs: Sigmoid colon & Rectum Reproductive System: Male & Female internal genital organs

Digestive Viscera in Pelvic Cavity

Sigmoid Colon 25-35 cm long - Acontinuation of ?? in front of pelvic brim - Becomes the rectum ant. To ?? vertebra - Intraperitoneal  sigmoid mesocolon - Blood supply: ?

Rectum  13 cm long S3  Follow the sacral & coccygeal curves Anteroinferior to tip of coccyx Pierce pelvic diaphragm  Anal canal in perineum

Rectum - Lower part dilated  Rectal ampulla - At pelvic diaphragm:  Puborectalis m. forms a sling around rectoanal jx.  Anorectal angle (80o) - Mucous memb. & circular m. layer  Transverse folds of rectum (3) (Houston’s valves) Fxn.: support the weight of fecal matter

Rectum In femal:  2/3 separated from the uterus by a pouch of peritoneum  Rectouterine pouch (Douglas pouch) *represents the most inf. Extension of peritoneum  1/3 separated from vagina by rectovaginal fat & fascia (Fascia of Otto)

Male Internal Genital Organs

Male Genital Organs Scrotum, Testes & Epididymides outpouching of lower anterior abdominal wall into perineum Internal Male genital Organs: Vas deferens Seminal vesicle ejaculatory duct prostate gland bulbourethral gland

Scrotum Outpouching of lower anterior abdominal wall that made up of 6 layers Contents: Testes & Tunica vaginalis Epididymides Lower end of vas deferens

Layers of Scrotal Wall 1. Skin Thin & Wrinkled Superficial Fasciae 2. Dartos (Muscle) Fascia Continuation of ?? In abdomen Replaced by s.m. Fxn.: ?? 3. Colle’s Fascia Contributes to median partition of the scrotum which  separates testes

Layers of Scrotal Wall Spermatic Fasciae * Expansion of the distal end of 3 fascial layers of SC 4. External spermatic fascia From ?? 5. Cremasteric (Muscle) fascia N. S.: 6. Internal spermatic fascia Derived from transversalis fascia

Regulation Mechanisms for Testicular Temperature Normal spermatogenesis occurs when testes are at 3 C lower than the abdominal temperature Different mechanisms are involved controlling the temp.: 1. Contraction & Relaxation of dartos & cremaster muscles (dartos= G, ??; cremaster = G, ??) 2. Countercurrent heat exchange between testicular a. & v.

Testis & Epididymis

Testis A firm mobile organ that lies within the scrotum & responsible for spermatogenesis - Lf. is at lower level than the Rt. (Why?) Protected by a tough fibrous capsule (Tunica albuginea) - Internally: Divided into lobules by By fibrous septa from ?? - Externally: surrounded ant. & on sides by tunica vaginalis

Testicular Lobules Each lobule contains 1-3 coiled seminiferous tubules  Rete (Mediastinum) testis Effernet ductules (tubules) Epididymis

Tunica Vaginalis Fluid filled sac in the scrotum that surround the testes & cushion them Originated as an inf. extension from peritoneum in abdomen Processus Vaginalis *just before birth PV shut off to become TV Covers the testes all around Excep?? , Why??

Hydrocele Testis Excess fluid in tunica vaginalis around the testis Conginetal or acquired Rx.: Tapping the hydrocele By insertion of a cannula through scrotal skin into the cavity of tunica vaginalis

The cannula will traverse 7 anatomic layers to reach the cavity?

A highly coiled tubule (6m) that lies posterior to the testis Epididymis A highly coiled tubule (6m) that lies posterior to the testis Composed of: Expanded head ( part) Body Pointed tail ( part) *vas deferens is a direct continuation From the epididymic tail that ascend up on its ?? Side Fxn.: site for maturation & storage for sperms

Blood Supply & Lymph Drainage for Testis & Epididymis - Artery: ? - Vein: Pampiniform plexus (pampinus = L, tendril)  Reduced to a single vein as it ascends through the inguinal canal - Lymph Drainage: Para-aortic L.N.

Torsion (Twisting) of Testis Rotation of the testis around its spermatic cord within the scrotum that is associated with severe pain Usually in young adults Complications: Obstruction of venous drainage Edema & hemorrhage Obstruction of testicular artery Necrosis Rx.: Surgical emergency to (1) correct & (2) Fix (How?)

Seminal Vesicles 2 lobulated organs on the base of bladder that responsible for 65-70% of seminal fluid  5 cm long Relation Medially: ?? Post.: ?? Ant.: base of bladder Sup.: ureter Inf.: Narrows to join vas deferens  Ejaculatory Duct Bld supply: inf. Vesical a. & mid. rectal

Ejaculatory Duct 2 ducts (one on each side)  2.5 cm long ED= VD + duct of SV Pass anteroinferior through post. Part of prostate along the sides of Prostatic Utricle Open into prostatic urethra (seminal colliculus) beside the orifice of Prostatic Utricle

Prostate Gland A fibromuscular glandular organ that surrounds the urethra from the neck of the bladder until urogenital diaphragm Walnut shaped gland (base & apex) Largest male reproductive gland ( 3 cm long & 4 cm wide) Covered with 2 fascial layers: - Fibrous capsule (inside) - Fascial Sheath (outside) Visceral layer of pelvic fascia *In between  prostatic plexuses of veins & nerves

Structure of the Prostate Gland 5 lobes 1. Ant. Lobe (isthmus) Infront of the urethra Devoid of glands (fibromuscular part) 2. Median (Middle) lobe Wedged between urethra & ?? Rich in glands In close relation to bladder trigone 3. post. Lobe Behind urethra & below ?? Contains glandular tissue

Structure of the Prostate Gland AMZ CZ PZ 4 & 5. Rt. & Lf. Lat. Lobes On either side of urethra Contain many glands *Clinicians (Urologists) divide the gland into: Ant. Muscular zone (Isthmus) Central zone (Middle lobe) Peripheral zones AMZ CZ PZ U