Physical Landscapes in the UK An overview of the location of major upland/lowland areas and river systems Upland/Lowland Rivers Deposition Key Features –Deposition Characteristics Formation Levees Floodplains Estuaries Key Features - Erosion Characteristics Formation Interlocking Spurs Waterfalls Gorges River landscapes in the UK Long Profile Cross Profile UK River Example of Landforms (Tees) Meander (Yarm) High Force Waterfall Estuary Unit 1c Physical Landscapes in the UK Processes Erosion Abrasion Attrition Hydraulic Action Solution Lateral Vertical Transportation Traction Saltation Suspension Key Features – Erosion & Deposition Characteristics Formation Meanders Ox-Bow Lakes Flooding (Increasing Risk) Human Land Use Physical Precipitation Geology Relief

Hydrographs (Precipitation and Discharge) Glacial Landscapes in the UK Maximum extent of ice cover across the UK during the last ice age UK Example – Landforms (Snowdonia) Process Features of Erosion Freeze-thaw weathering Erosion – abrasion Plucking Movement and transportation – rotational slip Bulldozing Deposition – why glaciers deposit sediment (till and outwash). corries, Arêtes & pyramidal peaks truncated spurs, glacial troughs, ribbon lakes hanging valleys Costs and Benefits of Hard and Soft Engineering Hard Benefits Dams and reservoirs Straightening, Embankments, Flood relief channels Hard Costs Soft Benefits Flood warnings and preparation, Flood plain zoning, Planting trees River restoration Soft Costs Features of Transportation and Deposition Economic Uses of glaciated areas (and conflict) Erratics Drumlins Types of Moraine Tourism, Faming, Forestry and Quarrying Tourism (Attractions; impacts; Strategies) Lake District Attractions Social Economic Environmental Management An example of a flood management scheme in the UK (Banbury) Why the scheme was required The management strategy Issues: Social Economic Environmental