1/27 Daily Catalyst Pg. 9 Ecology Organization 1. Identify the IV and DV: 2. Which animal has the highest fitness? 3. What is the relationship between age and fitness? X: age Y: fitness Chimp has the highest As age increase fitness decreases FITNESS AGE

1/27 Class Business Pg. 9 Ecology Organization Quiz #4 on Thursday Ecology organization Start Ecology Unit today! Research paper Start thinking of topics First Period Second Period Average 2.44 1.42 Top Scorers Rilda, Victoria, and Odalys Daniel V. , Travis, and Fabian

1/27 Daily Catalyst Pg. 9 Ecology Organization Class Business Explore Ecology Organization Ecology questions Exit ticket

1/27 Objective Identify the different levels of organization that ecologist study and describe the methods used to study ecology.

Ecology Inquiry In your notes, make a list of all the types of organisms, including plants, humans, insects that you have seen near our school. How do these organisms interact with one another? Do any of the organisms provide energy/nutrients to one another? We are going to start today with an ecology inquiry. At the top of your notes is a box. In this box I want you to make a list of all the types of organisms including plants, humans, insects that you see by your home or your school. After you make a list of the plants answer question #2. How do the organisms you listed interact with one another? Do any of the organisms you listed provide energy? Keep this list in mind as we start our ecology unit this week and as we discuss the definition of ecology today.

Ecology Key Point #1: _____________is the study of interactions between organisms and their environment. ECOLOGY Ecology How would this forest fire impact the environment and organisms? The fire ruins home for animals and changes the environment. There are less trees and bushes now.

For ecologists to study the earth, they organize the earth into smaller units.

Ecology Organization BIOSPHERE Definition and example

THE BIOSPHERE The Biosphere: Part of the earth that is capable of supporting life

Ecology Organization BIOSPHERE Definition and example Organism

Let’s Start at the Bottom… Organism: Any one thing that is living Example: an elephant Every organism has a job in its ecosystem, this job is called a _________ Niche: to eat shrubs and fruits niche NICHE

Ecology Organization BIOSPHERE Population Organism Definition and example Population Organism

Population Population: Same type of organism living in the same place Example: In the savanna, a herd of 20 elephants would make up one population

Ecology Organization BIOSPHERE Communities Population Organism Definition and example Population Organism

Communities Communities: Different populations living together Example: In the savanna, populations of elephants, lions, and zebras live and interact to form a community

Ecology Organization BIOSPHERE Ecosystems Communities Population Definition and example Population Organism

Ecosystem Ecosystem: All the ecosystems in a bigger geographic Therefore, all the COMMUNITIES AND THE ABIOTIC FACTORS in a certain place make up an ecosystem Ecosystem: A community of living organisms interacting with their environment biotic and abiotic All the ecosystems in a bigger geographic location makes up a biome Biotic and abiotic

Biotic vs. Abiotic Key Point #2: Abiotic vs. Biotic Biotic factors living Examples? Abiotic factors non-living Example? Introduce ecosystem. Biotic and abiotic factors working together

How do the biotic and abiotic factors depend on one another? Turn and Talk How do the biotic and abiotic factors depend on one another? 30 seconds Have students turn and talk with a classmate about the answer to this question. When they are finished, be ready to share out.

Abiotic and Biotic Interactions The purple arrows indicate the heat energy released at each stage. The flow of energy can also mean work being done and nutrients that give us energy. The First Law of Thermodynamics states that energy (or matter) cannot be created or destroyed, but can only change forms. Students know it’s restatement as “The Law of Conservation of Energy” and/or “The Law of Conservation of Matter”. Point out to students that each and every time energy or matter “changes form” energy is invariably conserved but the internal energy of a closed system changes as heat and work are transferred in or out of it. (Closed systems are rare in biology!) The entropy of any isolated system not in thermal equilibrium almost always increases. “Chaos happens”. The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that in all energy transformations entropy occurs (we usually refer to this as heat in biology). The cycles listed on the Abiotic side of the diagram refer to all of the cycles of matter on Earth- Rock cycle, phosphorus cycle, water cycle, carbon cycle, etc.). Another important Physics law that pertains to ecology is the Conservation of Matter (also called the Conservation of Mass), which states that matter cannot be created or destroyed. Anytime we use the word conservation we imply a mathematical relationship. What you put in on the left side of an equation must all be accounted for on the right side of the equation. These two principals are important to understand since anytime you transform energy or change matter, you have to account for everything that went into the process and that must equal everything that came out of the process (even if some of the products are degraded forms such as entropy or heat). It may help students so see the mathematical expression of entropy which is symbolized by “S”; 𝑆= 𝑞 𝑇 where q = quantity of heat (in Joules, thus an energy) and T is the temperature in Kelvins.

Ecology Organization Biome BIOSPHERE Ecosystems Communities Population Definition and example Population Organism

What is a biome? Biome: A geographical region with distinctive types of plants, animals, and climate Example: tropical rain forest, savanna, and grasslands Sometimes people use the words “ecosystem” and “biome” interchangeably - However, technically an ecosystem can be much smaller than a biome, for example it can be as small as a puddle! We are going to start really big with a Biome. A biome is a large region that has distinctive climate and plants.

Key Point #3: Biomes are made up of biotic and abiotic factors.

PRACTICE Is the following an organism, a population, a community, an ecosystem, an example of a habitat or an example of a niche? organism

Is the following an organism, a population, a community, an ecosystem? PRACTICE Is the following an organism, a population, a community, an ecosystem? Crab and the dirt is an ecosystem. Biotic and abiotic

PRACTICE Is the following an organism, a population, a community, an ecosystem, an example of a habitat or an example of a niche? population

PRACTICE Is the following an organism, a population, a community, an ecosystem, an example of a habitat or an example of a niche? ecosystem A Bayou

Practice Time Directions: Use your notes to complete the worksheet on page 9. When you finish prepare for the exit ticket. Noise: 1 ( partner) Time: 12 minutes

2. What do the biotic and abiotic factors together determine? Complete the table: 2. What do the biotic and abiotic factors together determine? 3. What is a niche? 4. In what ways is food part of an organism’s niche? 5. When does competition occur? 6. What is often the result of direct competition in nature? 7. What is the difference between an organism’s habitat and its niche? 8. Name two abiotic factors that cause trees to lose their leaves. 9. Groups of different species that live together in a defined area make up an: 10. Which lists the levels of organization of the biosphere form simplest to most complex? A. individual--> community--> ecosystem--> population --> biosphere B. individual --> community --> population --> ecosystem--> biosphere C. individual --> population --> community --> ecosystem--> biosphere D. individual --> population --> ecosystem --> community --> biosphere Type of Factor Definition Examples Biotic Factors   Abiotic Factors

Ecology Exit Ticket #4 Name: ________________ Period: 1 Date: 1/26 Score: _______/4 1. List the two factors make up an ecosystem. 2. Give an example of a community. 3. What sphere can support life? 4. True/false: An organisms niche is not specific to that organism.

Ecology Exit Ticket #4 Score: _______/4 1. List the two factors make up an ecosystem. Abiotic and biotic 2. Give an example of a community. Elephants, zebras, and giraffes 3. What sphere can support life? Biosphere 4. True/false: An organisms niche is not specific to that organism. False, niches are specific to an organism