Chapter 12-3 Protein Synthesis (Protein Building)

Polypeptide-chain of amino acids Review- DNA DNA is made of nucleotides. Deoxyribose sugar and phosphates make up the sides of the DNA ladder. Nitrogen base pairs make up the steps of the DNA ladder. The order of the nitrogen base pairs determines the code/holds the instructions for making proteins that determine all of our traits. Polypeptide-chain of amino acids

Protein Review: *Building Blocks?___________ How many different types?_____ *2 groups of proteins: Functional and Structural 1. Functional proteins (3 types) a.________ Speed up chemical reactions b. Hormones- influence organs or structures Ex. ________, _______, ________ c. Antibodies-part of immune system 2. Structural proteins- form structures in organisms Amino Acid 20 Enzymes Testosterone Estrogen Adrenalin Muscles Bones Skin

RNA- Ribonucleic Acid (the other nucleic acid) Function- carries out the instructions coded in DNA ( DNA – original RNA- copy) B. Composed of nucleotides- (3 parts) 1. 5-carbon sugar- ribose 2. phosphoric acid ( phosphate) 3. nitrogen base- 4 types ( adenine, cytosine, guanine and URACIL <replaces thymine>) C. Complementary to one side of DNA strand

Example: DNA=T-C-C-G-T-A-A-C-T-G-C-A RNA=A-G-G-C-A-U-U-G-A-C-G-U

5. Three types of RNA Amino acid ribosome uracil b. Ribosomal RNA CONSTRUCTION SITE DELIVERY TRUCK Amino acid ribosome uracil BLUEPRINT G G C A C A U C C G U U b. Ribosomal RNA c.Transfer RNA a. Messenger RNA- assembles AA’s to make proteins Delivers AA To the ribosome according to mRNA codon delivers message from DNA to the ribosome

D. RNA Differs from DNA 7 ways 1.Sugars 2.Nitrogen Bases 3.Types and function 4.Location 5.Number of strands 6.Description 7..How do you get it? D. RNA Differs from DNA 7 ways Deoxyribose Ribose A T C G A U C G 3 types- rRNA tRNA, mRNA Each has a Specific job 1 type- stores Genetic info for making proteins Nucleus Cytoplasm Ribosome Nucleus ONE strand Half the ladder TWO strands Original Copy (of DNA) Originally from parents Then your cells make It from foods you eat. You make Your own

Deoxyribonucleic Acid RNA Single Strand DNA Double Strand D. C C G G A A T U Deoxyribonucleic Acid Ribonucleic Acid DNA Nitrogen bases RNA Nitrogen Bases