The Evolution of Nutritional Outcomes: HAZ for

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Presentation transcript:

AN UNEXPECTED PARADOX: THE TWO-DECADE-LONG DECLINE IN NUTRITION UNDER ZIMBABWE’S LAND REFORM PROGRAM

The Evolution of Nutritional Outcomes: HAZ for 1984-2011

Distribution of households by nutritional category, 1997 & 2001 Children’s z-scores Symptomatic (1) Asymptomatic (0) Totals Adults’ BMIs (per cent (n)) Symptomatic (1) 16.0 (57) 4.2 (15) 20.2 (72) Asymptomatic (0) 48.5 (173) 31.4 (112) 79.8 (285) 64.4 (230) 35.6 (127) 100.0 (357) 2001 16.2 (48) 5.7 (17) 22.0 (65) 43.3 (131) 33.8 (100) 78.0 (231) 60.5 (179) 39.5 (117) 100.0 (296)

- - - - - Agriculture-related indicators Area cropped An increase in [...] has the indicated effect on nutritional status Nutritional outcomes of adults of children Agriculture-related indicators Area cropped Area planted to cash crops Cash‑food crop area ratio Market value of crops harvested Total crop revenue - Livestock-related indicators Market value of livestock Revenue from livestock products & services Revenue from sale of animals + Consumption-related indicators Purchases of grain or maize meal Foodstuffs in storage Amount of grain in storage Amount of legumes in storage Total food purchases + - Tenurial regime and agro-ecology Live in a resettlement area Live in a communal area Live in NR 2 Live in NR 3 Live in NR 4 - + Income-related indicators Remittances Income from nonagricultural sources Total household income Female-controlled income - + Health-related indicators Any illness in family in previous month Serious adult illness in previous month -

Findings: Panel data & national surveys confirm a long-term secular decline in nutritional status The ‘norm’ in rural Zimbabwe is a household with well-nourished adults & at least one undernourished child There are multiple strong (& sometimes counterintuitive) correlates between socioeconomic variables & child, adult & household nutritional status

Findings: There are strong indications that worsening nutritional outcomes are not generally distributed but rather reflect wider underlying welfare disparities There is no unambiguous evidence for a link between nutritional outcomes & factors that may predispose to environmental enteropathy Land reform is not a panacea for enhancing rural welfare nor for higher agricultural productivity that leads to improved nutrition -o0o-