From: A new theoretical approach to improving face recognition in disorders of central vision: Face caricaturing Journal of Vision. 2014;14(2):12. doi:10.1167/14.2.12 Figure Legend: Memory experiments: image change between learn and test (Experiments 2 and 3), and learning procedure for the learn-both-veridical-and-caricatured [V + C] method (used in Experiment 3). (A) Learn phase images show hairline; each person was learned in three viewpoints to encourage face (not photograph) learning; and, in V + C, participants were taught that the veridical and caricatured images were of the same person (i.e., all called “Target 1”). (B) Test phase images of a studied (old) target were novel photographs of that person, i.e., either a novel viewpoint and/or with hat added. Note that apparent changes in face shape with adding the hat (e.g., front view with hat appears to have a narrower face than front view without hat) are illusory (the hat is pasted directly onto the no-hat image with no physical change to the face), and that these types of illusory changes with accessories occur in everyday life and must be generalized across by observers in order to accurately recognize people's faces. Date of download: 12/22/2017 The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Copyright © 2017. All rights reserved.