Madagascar Stream 6 : Enhancing diversity and quality of governance Madagascar from Durban to Sydney How the Island Nation tripled the surface of its Protected Areas Friday 14th november 2014 13:30 PM

From Durban to Sydney : Main steps 2003 Durban Vision SAPM creation Madagascar Legal framework Institutional framework Tools elaboration 2014 PA cover tripled

From Durban to Sydney : Achievements (1/3) Protected Areas coverage tripled (area) pre/post Durban Madagascar National Parks New Protected Areas (NPA) Madagacar all PA terrestrial PAs coverage 3,1 % 10,7% 2003 1,7 Mha - 2003-2014 0,8 Mha 4,4 Mha 5.2 Mha* Madagascar 2014 2,5 Mha 4,4 Mha 6,9 Mha* * ca. 4 Mha are under temporary protection status final PA status will be gazeeted before May 2015 (SAPM) PAs management operational structures settled Governance schemes identified and under development Management structures and collaborative co-management effective for Madagascar National Parks PAs PAs promoters identified and operational for NPAs

From Durban to Sydney : Achievements (1/3) Protected Areas coverage tripled (maps) 2003 2014 Madagascar

From Durban to Sydney : Achievements (2/3) Marine Protected Areas coverage improved (number - area) pre/post Durban Madagascar National Parks New Protected Areas (NPA) Madagacar all PA 2003 2 - 12'000 ha - 2003-2014 8 - 260'000 ha 8 - 515'000 ha 16 - 775'000 ha 2014 10 - 272'000 ha 8 - 515'000 ha 18 - 787'000 ha Madagascar International recognition of Madagascar PAs value pre/post Durban Madagascar National Parks New Protected Areas World Heritage Biosphere Reserves Ramsar 2003 1 2 2003-2014 6 1 - 5 2014 7 2 1

From Durban to Sydney : Achievements (3/3) Reduction of major threats Forest loss rate Madagascar National Parks New Protected Areas (NPAs) National 2003 0,36 % - 2013 0,2 % - Madagascar 2003 2014 Management Effectiveness Index rising PA METT index 2003 Madagascar National Parks 45 New Protected Areas (NPAs) - 2005 2007 2009 2011 60,7 66,9 71 74,8 - 42.4 2013 75 50.2

From Durban to Sydney : Governance evolution Madagascar

Madagascar Biodiversity Fund From Durban to Sydney : Sustainable financing Different funding mechanisms implemented Funding mechanisms Tourism FAPBM Madagascar Biodiversity Fund REDD PA managers pre/post Durban Entrance fees Concessions Madagascar National Parks 2003 9 PAs 194'000 US$ - 2014 15 PAs 1'370'000 US$ 6 PAs under devlpmt 26 PAs under devlpmt New Protected Areas (NPAs) 1 PA 12 PAs 10 PAs 5 PAs Madagascar 2014 15 PAs 1'370'000 US$ 6 PAs under devlpmt 26 PAs under devlpmt 2003 - 1 PA 2014 12 PAs 1 PA 10 PAs 5 PAs Other complementary mechanisms are also currently implemented by numerous PA managers in order to alleviate proverty around PAs leading to threats reduction thus implying costs reduction : algae cultivation, organic spices, community-based tourism, civil-private tourism ventures, community-private reforestation joint ventures,...

From Durban to Sydney : Main barriers Encountered issues during Durban implementation Clear roadmap (x3) but weak coordination means (SAPM) Uncomplete legal framework (new categories management) Approaches discordances amongst stakeholders/managers Lack of experienced managers for all PA and PA categories Laws incoherence amongst sectors (land, extractive, forests) Low interactions between concerned sectors On-going decentralization process (authority confusion) Madagascar Risky co-management strategy regarding country situation : low state governance, associations capacity, leadership Insufficient funds for strategy implementation in such context Global economic crisis (lower funds invested, lower interests) National crisis (security, tourism, law enforcement, donors) Weak state governance -> Civil disobedience Weak law enforcement -> increase in poaching (tortoises, lemurs, corals), logging (rosewood affair) and deforestation

From Durban to Sydney : Implemented levers Durban Vision SAPM creation Legal framework: - 6 IUCN PA categories recognized - PA law (COAP) - Decree on funds - Inter-ministerial Decrees - Institutional framework: - Environmental Plan - EIA facilitation for PA creation - Land tenure adapted framework - Inter-ministerial comittees - PA orientation committees Madagascar Tools elaboration : - PAs gap analysis (marxan,zonation) - Co-management options shared - Management indicators developped Sustainable financing: - Madagascar Biodiversity Fund (FAPBM) - PA entrance fees - Management efficiency: - PA METT harmonization - SAPM monitoring - Threats monitoring system PA coverage tripled

From Durban to Sydney : Future challenges Main challenges for the future Stop illegal biodiversity trade (rosewood etc...) State strategy : Extractive industries State governance : law enforcement Sectorial legislation harmonization Madagascar Delegation arrangements for NPAs PA management performance monitoring by SAPM PA managers capacity-building (professional training) Decentralization and co-management (Dina) Sustainable funding Poverty alleviation around PA Climate change risk and adaptation strategies

Madagascar Presented by A. Mamy RAKOTOARIJAONA Madagascar National Parks Operations Director www.parcs-madagascar.com

Madagascar Misaotra Thank you Merci Gracias