The Islamic World
The Islamic World How does Islam compare and contrast with the other religions introduced? How does Islamic civilization compare and contrast with the others in the course?
The Islamic World The Arabian Peninsula Desert Home of the Arabs No centralized authority Pastoral nomads Loyal to tribes
The Islamic World Religion in Arabia before Islam Polytheistic Jinn Monotheism Al-Uzza, Al-Lat, Manat
The Islamic World
The Islamic World Mecca Commercial center Ka’ba Controlled by Quraysh
The Islamic World Muhammad (570-632) Involved in Meccan caravan trade Pious Night of Power (ca. 610) Prophet of Islam Muhammad visited by Gabriel
The Islamic World Muslim Era Begins Converts UMMAH Overall response to Prophet was negative Invited to Medina The Hijra (622)
The Islamic World In Medina Muhammad became statesman City converted Unbelieving Jews expelled Raids on Meccan caravans launched Muhammad addressing believers in Medina
The Islamic World The Return to Mecca (630) Muslims marched on Mecca City surrendered Muhammad cleansed Ka’ba March on Mecca
The Islamic World Questions?
The Islamic World The Quran Muhammad’s revelations Significant teachings Absolute monotheism Jesus: “apostle” “People of the Book” Judgment Paradise, Hell
The Islamic World The Five Pillars “There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is His Prophet” Prayer Ramadan Alms levy Pilgrimage
The Islamic World Talbiyah “Labbayk, Allahumma Labbayk. Labbayk. La shareeka laka. Labbayk. Innal-hamda wan-n'imata laka wal-mulk. La shareeka lak.” "Here I am at Thy service O Lord, here I am. Here I am at Thy service and Thou hast no partners. Thine alone is All Praise and All Bounty, and Thine alone is The Sovereignty. Thou hast no partners."
The Islamic World Hajj ritual of stoning Satan, at Mina
The Islamic World Questions?
The Islamic World Islamic Conquests (622-733)
The Islamic World The Caliphate Muhammad died 632 CALIPHS Prophet’s successors First were early converts, from his inner circle (Rashidun) Office: political, religious
The Islamic World
The Islamic World Division within the Ummah The fate of Ali (r. 656-661) Muhammad’s cousin, husband of Fatima Muhammad intended him to be successor? Civil war between Ali and Mu’awiyah Ali’s assassination Aftermath: Sunni vs. Shi’ah
The Islamic World
The Islamic World Ruling the Caliphate: Shari’ah Sacred law of ummah Purpose: regulate all activities Multiple sources Qadis Individuals before a qadi
The Islamic World Ruling the Caliphate: Non-Muslims’ Status “People of the Book” Dhimmis: tolerated, not forced to convert Monotheist leaders relied on to manage their communities’ affairs Faced discrimination (jizyah, etc.)
The Islamic World Questions?
The Islamic World The Great Civilization Sophisticated, advanced Access to classical learning Books, libraries Contributed to science and math
The Islamic World Quran page with beginning of surah 18 (9th, early 10th cent.)
The Islamic World Dome of the Rock (687-692) Mosque Tribute to Islam’s triumph in Jerusalem Erected on sacred site Domed octagon
The Islamic World Dome of the Rock, interior
The Islamic World The Minaret Towers for muzzein Malwiya minaret (848-852) At Great Mosque of Samarra, Iraq Spiral ramp
The Islamic World Questions?
The Rise of Islam How does Islam compare and contrast with the other religions introduced? How does Islamic civilization compare and contrast with the others in the course?