Exam 5 Jeopardy Final Jeopardy Mitosis Meiosis Genetics Picture Chromosomes Picture Practice $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 Final Jeopardy

1 - $100 What is the product of mitosis? Produces two genetically identical daughter cells The TRILLIONS of cells that make up the body of an individual human were produced by mitosis (EXCEPT the gametes) followed by cytokinesis

1 - $200 What are the 4 steps of the eukaryotic cell cycle (in order)? G1, S, G2, M

1 - $300 Which phase of Mitosis is shown in the photo below? What happens in this phase? Metaphase. Chromosomes has completed migration to middle of cell and line up on metaphase plate

1 - $400 Which phase of Mitosis is shown in the photo below? What happens in this phase? Anaphase. Sister chromatids separate into daughter chromosomes and are pulled apart.

1 - $500 What is cancer the result of? All cancers are the result of the failure to properly regulate the cell cycle and mitosis Often due to mutation in a gene that helps regulate the cell cycle – which is why things can can cause mutations (UV rad, chemicals, etc.) can cause cancer.

2 - $100 In Meiosis, the parent cell is (1N or 2N), the daughter cells after the first division are (1N or 2N) and the daughter cells after the second division are (1N or 2N) 2N 1N – goes now to haploid because homologous chromosomes are separating 1N – still 1N because sister chromatids separating doesn’t result in reductive division

2 - $200 Define Synapsis Define Chiasma Where do you find these things? Mitosis? Meiosis? Both? Synapsis – pairing of homologous chromosomes Chiasma – sites where crossing over occurs Only in Meiosis

2 - $300 What is the product of Meiosis? Produces four genetically distinct haploid daughter cells

2 - $400 Which phase of Meiosis is shown in the photo below? Late Prophase You should know this because the nuclear envelope is gone and because this is the phase where the chiasma is formed and crossing over occurs

2 - $500 Which phase of Meiosis is shown in the photo below? Anaphase II Sister chromatids separating 2 cells are there so the 1st cell division has already occurred

3 - $100 Define: Trait Gene Allele Locus Trait – specific observable feature of an organism Gene – a hereditary factor that influences a particular trait Allele – particular form of a gene Locus – the position (location) of a gene a chromosome

3 - $200 What’s the difference between genotype and phenotype? Genotype – the alleles an individual has Phenotype – the physical traits of an organism

3 - $300 Which progeny are homozygous and which are heterozygous? RR and rr are homozygous (2 of same alleles at particular locus on homologous chromosome) Rr is heterozygous (two diff alleles at particular locus on homologous chromosome)

3 - $400 You are given a pea plant that is tall with axial flowers. You wish to determine if this plant is a homozygote or heterozygote. What is the phenotype of the pea plant that you will have to cross this unknown with in order to discover its genotype? Short and terminal

3 - $500 What is incomplete dominance? Give an example Daughter has an intermediate phenotype for a certain trait Ex: red flower + white flower = pink flower

4 - $100 T or F - Each living organism has way more chromosomes than genes FALSE There are way more genes in a cell than number of chromosomes Humans have 23,000 genes and 23 pairs of chromosomes So, on average, about 1000 genes on each human chromosome

4 - $200 Which gene is most likely to cross over with body color? A

4 - $300 Which gene is least likely to cross over with body color? C They are close together and said to be “tightly linked” Conclusion: crossing over is more likely between genes that are further apart on chromosomes

4 - $400 What is independent assortment? What is segregation? Independent assortment – pairs of homologous chromosomes line up randomly at metaphase I of meiosis Segregation – pairs of homologous chromosomes (potentially carrying different alleles at any particular locus) separate at anaphase I of meiosis

4 - $500 In a particular cnidarian species, the traits long nematocyst (L) and toxin present (T) are dominant to the traits short nematocyst (l) and toxin absent (t). an individual that is heterozygous for long nematocysts and toxin present is crossed with an individual that has short nematocysts and no toxin. The results are shown below Long nematocyst, toxin present: 542 Short nematocyst, toxin absent: 536 Long nematocyst, toxin absent: 0 Short nematocyst, toxin present: 0 These loci are… a. On separate chromosomes b. On the same chromosome, but are far apart c. On the same chromosome and are somewhat close together d. On the same chromosome right next to each other D is the correct answer. Because we observe only the parental phenotypes (long nematocyst/toxin present and short nematocyst/toxin absent) in the progeny, these genes are tightly linked (“dependently assorted”) I.e. they are very close together on the same chromosome Ratio is 1:1:0:0 so they are on same chromosome, and they are not over crossing over therefore they are close to each other on the chromosome

5 - $100 What is happening in the photo below? Where does this happen? Which cell cycle? Crossing over happens in Late Prophase of Meiosis

5 - $200 What is happening in the picture below? The chromosomes just went through S phase and have been replicated!

5 - $300 Which phase of Mitosis is shown in the photo below? Telophase You know this because nuclear envolope is reforming around chromosomes

5 - $400 Which phase of Meiosis? What happens here? Prophase Spindle apparatus begins to form, chromosomes condense

5 - $500 Which phase of Meiosis? Cell cycle is complete – Cytokinesis just occurred (which is splitting of the cytoplasm)

Final Jeopardy Chromosomes with new allele combinations, due to crossing over, are called what? Recombinant chromosomes