EXISTENTIALISM A philosophical movement in the 19th and 20th centuries.

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Presentation transcript:

EXISTENTIALISM A philosophical movement in the 19th and 20th centuries

Noted Existentialists: Soren Kierkegaard (1813-1855) Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) Martin Heidegger (1889-1976) Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980) Simone de Beauvoir (1908-1986) AND Franz Kafka (1883-1924)

Important Principles: Emphasizes human experience (at each moment) Human beings are “thrown” or “abandoned” in the world There is no justification for our existence There is no predetermined direction for our lives Humans must set their own values If God exists (which many Existentialists deny) we are too distant for it to make a difference Despair and suffering are a part of life The result: There is no purpose or meaning to life

Alienation: We are alienated from ourselves (body, emotions/intuitions, spirit, experiences) We are alienated from others (We objectify others and they us) We are alienated from the world (surroundings, nature, materialism)

Application to Metamorphosis Destiny is chosen Individualism leads to personal anxiety (angst) The universe is indifferent and hostile to humans Isolation, anxiety, and despair are a part of life Freedom of choice exists, but so do consequences

As we read: Keep track of events that exemplify existentialism. Be prepared to answer this question: Why is Metamorphosis considered an existential text?