COPERT 4 Training 3. General Methodology.

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Presentation transcript:

COPERT 4 Training 3. General Methodology

COPERT 4 Training (3. Methodology) Vehicle Categories Passenger Cars Light Duty Vehicles Heavy Duty Vehicles Mopeds Motorcycles 2011-06-14 2011-06-14 COPERT 4 Training (3. Methodology)

COPERT 4 Training (3. Methodology) Vehicle Categories Passenger Cars Gasoline (<1.4 l, 1.4-2.0 l, >2.0 l) Diesel (<2.0 l, >2.0 l) LPG Light Duty Vehicles (Trucks & Vans) Gasoline Diesel Heavy Duty Vehicles Diesel (11 weight categories) Power Two Wheelers Mopeds (< 50 cc) Motorcycles (2-stroke, <250 cc, 250-750 cc, >750 cc) 2011-06-14 2011-06-14 COPERT 4 Training (3. Methodology)

Vehicle Categories – Heavy Duty Vehicles 2011-06-14 2011-06-14 COPERT 4 Training (3. Methodology)

Vehicle Categories – Rigid Trucks (Lorries) 2011-06-14 2011-06-14 COPERT 4 Training (3. Methodology)

Vehicle Categories – Articulated Vehicles = + Tractor Semi-Trailer 2011-06-14 2011-06-14 COPERT 4 Training (3. Methodology)

Vehicle Technologies: Passenger Cars & Light Duty Vehicles PRE ECE (~1970 technology) Conventional ECE 15/00-01 LD Euro 1 - 93/59/EEC ECE 15/02 LD Euro 2 - 96/69/EEC ECE 15/03 LD Euro 3 - 98/69/EC Stage2000 ECE 15/04 LD Euro 4 - 98/69/EC Stage2005 Improved Conventional LD Euro 5 - EC 715/2007 Open Loop LD Euro 6 - EC 715/2007 PC Euro 1 - 91/441/EEC PC Euro 2 - 94/12/EEC PC Euro 3 - 98/69/EC Stage2000 PC Euro 4 - 98/69/EC Stage2005 PC Euro 5 - EC 715/2007 (2010 and on) PC Euro 6 - EC 715/2007 (2015 and on) 2011-06-14 2011-06-14 COPERT 4 Training (3. Methodology)

Vehicle Technologies: HDVs, Busses, & PTWs Heavy Duty Trucks/Buses Mopeds/Motorcycles Conventional HD Euro I - 91/542/EEC Stage I Euro 1 - 97/24/EC HD Euro II - 91/542/EEC Stage II Euro 2 - 97/24/EC HD Euro III – 1999/96/EC Euro 3 – 2002/51/EC (only motorcycles) HD Euro IV - 2005/55/EC HD Euro V - 2005/55/EC HD Euro VI - 595/2009 2011-06-14 2011-06-14 COPERT 4 Training (3. Methodology)

Pollutants – 1(2) Group 2 Carbon dioxide (CO2) Sulphur dioxide (SO2) Pollutants for which a detailed methodology exists, based on specific emission factors Pollutants which are estimated based on fuel consumption Group 2 Carbon dioxide (CO2) Sulphur dioxide (SO2) Lead (Pb) Cadmium (Cd) Chromium (Cr) Copper (Cu) Nickel (Ni) Selenium (Se) Zinc (Zn) Group 1 Carbon monoxide (CO) Nitrogen oxides (NOx: NO and NO2) Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) Methane (CH4) Non-methane VOCs (NMVOCs) Nitrous oxide (N2O) Ammonia (NH3) Particulate matter (PM) PM number and surface area 2011-06-14 2011-06-14 COPERT 4 Training (3. Methodology) COPERT 4 Training

Pollutants - 2 Group 4 Group 3 Alkanes (CnH2n+2): Pollutants for which a simplified methodology is applied, mainly due to the absence of detailed data Pollutants which are derived as a fraction of total NMVOC emissions. Group 4 Alkanes (CnH2n+2): Alkenes (CnH2n): Alkynes (CnH2n-2): Aldehydes (CnH2nO) Ketones (CnH2nO) Cycloalkanes (CnH2n) Aromatic compounds Group 3 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) Polychlorinated dibenzo dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzo furans (PCDFs) 2011-06-14 2011-06-14 COPERT 4 Training (3. Methodology)

General Concept for Exhaust Emissions/Consumption ECOLD [g/veh] = β x M [km] x EFHOT [g/km] x (eCOLD/eHOT-1) EHOT [g/veh] = M [km] x EFHOT [g/km] β = lCOLD/lTOTAL 2011-06-14 2011-06-14 COPERT 4 Training (3. Methodology)

What are exhaust emissions dependent on? Activity Number of vehicles [veh.] Distance travelled [km/period of inventory] Hot Emissions Technology / Emission Standard Mean travelling speed [km/h] Cold Emissions Ambient temperature [Celsius] Mean trip distance [km] 2011-06-14 2011-06-14 COPERT 4 Training COPERT 4 Training (3. Methodology)

Methodology: Total Emissions Total Exhaust Emissions: EEXH = EHOT + ECOLD Hot (stabilized engine temperature): EHOT = N · M · eHOT Cold-start emissions: ECOLD =  · N · M · eHOT · (eCOLD/eHOT-1) Non-Exhaust Emissions NMVOC from Fuel Evaporation: EEVAP = EDIURNAL + ESOAK + ERUNNING PM from tyre and brake attrition: EHOT = N · M · ePM 2011-06-14 2011-06-14 COPERT 4 Training COPERT 4 Training (3. Methodology)

Non-exhaust emissions (evaporation) Breathing Losses Canister Vent Fuel Line Vapour Liquid Engine Fuel Tank Permeation / Leakages Mechanisms causing evaporation emissions Diurnal emissions Hot soak emissions Running losses Only relevant for Gasoline! Parked vehicle Engine running 2011-06-14 2011-06-14 COPERT 4 Training (3. Methodology)

What is evaporation dependant on Vehicle technology Tank (vehicle) size Canister (vehicle) size Vehicle mileage (adsorption potential) Temperature variation Fuel vapour pressure (kPa) Fuel tank fill level Parking time distribution Trip duration 2011-06-14 2011-06-14 COPERT 4 Training (3. Methodology)

COPERT 4 Training (3. Methodology) Non-exhaust PM Particulate Matter due to road transport is also produced by: Tyre abrasion Brake abrasion Road wear (not included in COPERT 4) Emission rates depend on: Vehicle category (car, truck, motorcycle) Number of axles/wheels (trucks) Vehicle load Vehicle speed 2011-06-14 2011-06-14 COPERT 4 Training (3. Methodology)