ISO-OSI Reference Model and IEEE Standards

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Presentation transcript:

ISO-OSI Reference Model and IEEE Standards Chapter ISO-OSI Reference Model and IEEE Standards © N. Ganesan, Ph.D. , All rights reserved.

An Overview of ISO and its 7-Layer OSI Model Module 1 An Overview of ISO and its 7-Layer OSI Model © N. Ganesan, Ph.D. , All rights reserved.

Models and Standards in Communication Established standards Standards are known as protocols Implementation A framework is helpful in the design of hardware and software for communication ISO-OSI Model serves this purpose ISO-OSI supersedes the TCP/IP model

ISO and OSI Defined ISO OSI International Standards Organization Open Systems Interconnect

OSI Model Background Introduced in 1978 and revised in 1984 Formulates the communication process into structured layers There are seven layers in the model, hence the name the 7-Layer model The model acts as a frame of reference in the design of communications and networking products

The Layered Approach to Communication 7. Application 6. Presentation 5. Session 4. Transport 3. Network 2. Data Link 1. Physical

Division of Layers 7. Application 6. Presentation Upper Layers 5. Session 4. Transport Middle Layer 3. Network 2. Data Link Lower Layers 1. Physical

The Function of a Layer Each layer deals with one aspect of networking Layer 1 deals with the communication media Each layer communicates with the adjacent layers In both directions Ex: Network layer communicates with: Transport layer Data Link layer Each layer formats the data packet Ex: Adds or deletes addresses

Role of Layers Node A 7. Application 6. Presentation Data In To/from 1. Physical To/from Node B Data Out

Communication Between Layers 7. Application Data Encapsulation 6. Presentation Data Stripping 5. Session

The Role of Layers in Point-to-point Communication Node b Node a 7. Application 7. Application 1.Physical 1. Physical

Virtual Communication Between Layers 7. Application 7. Application 3. Network 3. Network

2. Data Link Layer Purpose Manages the flow of data over the physical media Responsible for error-free transmission over the physical media Assures error-free data submission to the Network Layer

Data Link Layer Function Point of origin Packages data for transmission over physical line Receiving end Packages data for submission to the network layer Deals with network transmission protocols IEEE 802. protocols

Data Link Layer Subdivision Improvement to ISO Model Logical Link Control (LLC) sub-layer Manages service access points (logical link) Error and flow control Media Access Control (MAC) sub-layer Applies directly to network card communication Access control

Logical Link Control

Media Access Control Application Network Interface Card driver NETWORK CARD NETWORK SOFTWARE NIC Driver facilitates data transfer

1. Physical Layer Purpose Example Deals with the transmission of 0s and 1s over the physical media Translation of bits into signals Example Pulse duration determination Transmission synchronization etc.

Physical Layer Function Encode bits into signals Carry data from the h higher layers Define the interface to the card Electrical Mechanical Functional Example: Pin count on the connector