Giancarlo Fuentes & Ethan Blandon SWAMP Giancarlo Fuentes & Ethan Blandon

Biome Name A swamp is a biome that is partially or intermittently covered with water, one dominated by wood vegetation. Other ways to refer to a swamp are wetland, bog and marsh. Some examples of swamps you may know are the Everglades and The bayou. Swamps are not limited to these areas and are found around the world.

Abiotic and Biotic factors The swamp allows a wide variety of animals to live in the biome. Because its one of the only biomes to offer water where fish and many aquatic animals to live while having landmass and forests within one biome. Examples of Biotic factors you could find are: Both Crocodiles and Alligators, Rattlesnakes, Deer, Manatees , Bald Eagles and pelicans. Some examples of Abiotic factors are fresh, salt water, limestone, sun, rain etc

Climate During December throught April temperature is pleaseant with highs being around 77F and low of 53F Summers on the other hand are hot and humid. Average temperature being 90F.Humidity Also is around 90% Average Rainfall per year is 60 inches. Rainy season is during June throught October.

Climate Graph Climate Graph

Net Product Productivity

Succession Succession is the change in either species composition, structure, or architecture of vegetation through time. Vegetation has three important aspects that are subject to change. Examples of Secondary succession that occurs in Swamp Biomes Such as the everglades are Wildfires, Hurricanes, and flash floods Finding examples of Primary succession is very hard because in Swamp Biomes there aren’t volcanoes where new land can be created.

Nutrient Cycle The nutrient cycle is crucial to the environment from allowing plants in trees to grow to animals breathing. Having too much of such nutrients can be harmful for example in the Florida everglades. Runoff is causing Pesticides used by farmers to get into the everglades. Although normally useful to much of phosphorus and nitrogen can be harmful.

Habitats Swamps have a multitude of habitats within the biome. This allows a plethora of animals to coexist. Within the swamp wetland environment there are three main habitats. First being the “wet” part which include canals, rivers and other water sources. Second: the prairie or the grassland. This part can have some water but is mostly grass. The third habitat is the pineland or the forest where its all dry land.

Food Chain Sun , Grass , deer Panther

Food Web

Energy Pyramid Earthworms 10% Alligator 0.1% Birds 1% Mangroves 100%

Biomass Pyramid

Pyramid of Numbers

Trophic Levels Grass: producers Insects/mice: Primary consumers Frogs: Secondary consumers Snakes: Tertiary consumers Eagles: Quantemary consumers

10 animals/adaptions Animals in the swamp: alligator, crocodile, anaconda, bald eagle, beaver, bobcat, egret, cope pod, crane, cray fish Adaptions: Swamp animals need to be able to traverse water quickly to survive. Webbed feet are one common solution, as is a waterproof coat, which mammals such as beavers use to keep themselves warm. Many animals in swamps employ camouflage to protect themselves and hunt their prey. Frogs for example will often submerge themselves in aquatic plants and leave only their eyes poking out above the water to watch for food.

5 Plants/adaptions Plants in the Swamp: bromeliads, milkweed, water lily, cattails, duckweed Adaptions: Many swamp plants are either partially or fully submerged underwater. To accommodate this, many swamp plants have hollowed stems that transport oxygen down to the roots where they are needed. To combat fluctuating excesses in water's salt content plants often have salt-secreting glands that remove ingested salt particles.

3 Harmful Activities Industrial Threats: A major threat is the draining of wetlands for commercial development, including tourism facilities, or agricultural land. Hundreds of thousands of hectares of wetlands have been drained for agriculture. Globally, agriculture accounts for 65% of the total water withdrawal on Earth. Pollution: Pollution in wetlands is a growing concern, affecting drinking water sources  and biological diversity. Climate Change: Increases in temperature are causing polar ice to melt and sea levels to rise. This in turn is leading to shallow wetlands being swamped and some species of mangrove trees being submerged and drowned.

Possible Solutions Participate in programs that help protect and restore wetlands. Contact your local, state or federal agencies, community groups, environmental organizations or a non-government organization. Report illegal activity such as filling, clearing, or dumping in wetlands to government authorities, such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency or the Army Corps of Engineers. Pick up all litter and dispose in appropriate trash containers. Keep surface areas that wash into storm drains clean of pet feces, toxic chemicals, fertilizers, and motor oil, which eventually reach and impair our wetlands. Plant only native species of trees, shrubs, and flowers to preserve the ecological balance of local wetlands.