PHONOLOGY Arranged By: Sapitra Rizky Tiara Ayu Yosi Ariani SyLLABLES Lecturer: Eka Yuliyanti, M.Pd Arranged By: Sapitra Rizky Tiara Ayu Yosi Ariani STAIN SAS BANGKA BELITUNG 2012

The Syllable Syllable: group of speech sounds (group of segments) A syllable composed: a central peak of sonority (usually a vowel) the consonants that cluster around this central peak

Constituents of the Syllable Parts Description Optionality Onset Initial segment of a syllable Optional Rhyme Core of a syllable, consisting of a nucleus and coda Obligatory Nucleus Central segment of a syllable Coda Closing segment of a syllable

EXAMPLE: /l/, /m/, /n/, and /r/ can become the nucleur when there’s no nucleus in some word such as bottle, bottom, & butter. For example: bottle, it has 2 syllables /bɑtl/ where in the second syllable : tl doesnt have the nucleus. So the /l/ become the nucleus.

The grammar of Syllables: Pattern of acceptability The universal basic syllable type is CV   (consonant + Vowel)

Phonotactic Constraint Phonotactic→the sequential arrangement of  phonological units that are possible in a  language.  Consonant Cluster: it is a term applied to a  blend or a group of consonants with no  intervening vowel. English may have the  pattern of CCC onset with C1 always /s/. Eg. Scream /skriːm/ CCCV:C

Example for Phonotactic Constrain /ŋ/ does not appear in onsets /v ð z ʒ/ do not form part of onset clusters /t d θ l/ do not form permissible onset clusters /h/ doesn’t appear in codas /lg/ is not permissible coda cluster

The sonority Sequencing Generalisation Sonority reference to the degree to which a sound is audible and can be acoustically perceived by the hearer The Scale of Sonority

Example Tramp Spray & Skew The nucleus always forms the sonority peak (the highest point of the curve). Spray & Skew

Justyfying the Constituents

Flounce Free onset = /fl/ onset /fr/ rhyme = /aʊns/ rhyme = /iː/ nucleus = /aʊ/ nucleus = /iː/ coda = /ns/ coda zero

Onset Maximalism The Onset Maximalism, also known as  Maximum Onset Principle (MOP), states that,  whenever possible, consonants should be  assigned to the onset, and as few as possible  should be assigned to the coda.  

Ends with a consonant coda. Syllable Weight Kind Description Example Heavy Has a branching rhyme. All syllables with a branching nucleus (long vowels) are considered heavy. Some languages treat syllables with a short vowel (nucleus followed by a consonant (coda) as heavy. CV:C, CVCC, CVC Deep: /diːp/ Light Has a non-branching rhyme (short vowel). Some languages treat syllables with a short vowel(nucleus) followed by a consonant (coda) as light. CV, CVC Big: /bɪg/ Closed Ends with a consonant coda. CVC, CVCC, VC Open Has no final consonant CV