Economic Recovery Sparks Change Chapter 7.4 Economic Recovery Sparks Change

Objective We are going to learn about: How new tech. sparked an agricultural revolution How the revival of trade revolutionized commerce and led to the growth of towns As commerce and cities grow, the middle class emerges

This is important b/c…… This is the beginning of the end of the Dark, Medieval, or Middle Ages.

Focus Q: Monday, Oct. 7 How have farmers increased agricultural output throughout history? What was the impact of farmers producing more food?

Rise of Europe

An Agricultural Revolution Beginnings of economic growth by 1000 1. Begins in countryside 2. New farming technologies produce more food and populations grow fast

Technology Improves Farming 1. By 800s, peasants using iron plows, better than wood plows N. European soil heavier than Medit. soil 2. New harness: could use horses, not oxen Horses faster, plow more land, raise more crops

Production and Population Grow Lords who want more income have peasants: Clear forests, drain swamps, reclaim wasteland New 3-tier system—only 1/3 unplanted 1 field w/ grain 1 field w/ legumes: peas, beans 1 field lies fallow: nothing planted

Fallow fields & crop rotation

Production and Population Grow **Legumes restore fertility to soil, add protein to diet ** 1. More food, more people 2. 1000-1300 European pop. nearly triples What sounds familiar here? Remember the Neolithic Revolution?

Revival of Trade and Travel Europe’s population grows Feudal warfare, foreign invasions declined People felt safer and traveled more

Trade Routes Expand Traders form merchant companies that travel together for safety: armed caravans Europe to Middle East to East Asia Goods traded: Chinese silks, Byzantine gold jewelry Asian spices Europeans trade honey, furs, cloth, tin, lead Some trade associations (Hanseatic League): punish robber and pirates, build lighthouses, train ship pilots

Medieval Trade Medieval Trade

Growth of Towns and Cities Trade fairs closed in the fall. Merchants wintered near castles or towns These areas attract artisans—sell stuff to traders Become 1st medieval cities By 1400, some over 100 K people

Growth of Towns and Cities **Richest towns were in N. Italy and Flanders: 2 ends of profitable north-south trade line** Were centers for wool and textile trade

Flanders

Growth of Towns and Cities To protect their interests, merchants new to town asked the king or local lord of a **charter** **Written document spelling out rights and privileges of the town** Cost lump sum, yearly fee or both

Growth of Cities and Towns Many charters had a clause popular w/ runaway serfs: live in a town 1 year and 1 day, your free Also, manors became overcrowded—lords often let peasants buy their freedom, they moved to towns

A Commercial Revolution As trade revived, use of money increased Need for capital ($) stimulates growth in banking for loans Merchants extend credit

Beginnings of Modern Business Merchants for partnerships Have more $ to invest, share the risk Develop insurance: protects your shipments Methods of **credit** **From Muslims** Don’t have to carry gold

Beginnings of Modern Business **Partnerships, insurance, and credit lead to a commercial revolution**

A little humor….. Did you hear about the mummy who went on vacation to relax and unwind? Did you hear about the banker who sat on the freezer and got his assets frozen? What’s a 7 letter word containing thousands of letters? mailbox

Society Begins to Change 1. Use of $ undermines serfdom Serfs sell farm products. Can pay rent in $, instead of labor Church forbade Christians to lend $ at interest—called usury Jews, barred from other professions, get into lending Their success leads to resentment and anti-semitism

Rise of the Middle Class **Merchants, traders, artisans form the new middle class** Nobles despise them: disruptive influence in towns Clergy despise them: profits made from usury, lending $ at interest

Role of the Guilds Guild Hall

Medieval Guilds: A Goldsmith’s Shop

Limited membership apprentice  journeyman  master craftsman Medieval Guilds Commercial Monopoly: to protect their economic interests, ie. no competition Limited membership apprentice  journeyman  master craftsman Controlled quality of the product [masterpiece]. Controlled prices, regulate hours

Role of Guilds Also, operated schools and hospitals, provided support for widows and orphans of members Women had their own guilds and worked in dozens of crafts.

Crest of a Cooper’s Guild

Becoming a Guild Member 1. Apprentice: train with a master 7 years learning trade Not paid, got food, housing, sometimes cloths 2. Journeyman: salaried worker, low pay 3. Guild master: rarely became guild master unless you were related to one

Guilds: which professions do you recognize? Are these last names? Bakers, cobblers, butchers Jewelers, stone masons, carpenters Coopers, tailors, blacksmiths Harness maker, weaver, bookbinder Architect, leatherworker, banker apothecaries, painter, sculptor

Town and City Life Were surrounded by high, protective walls—like a castle? Newcomers settled outside the walls Towns were overcrowded—added 2nd, 3rd stories Most cities were a jumble of narrow streets and tall houses Fire was a constant threat

Town and City Life: read, any thoughts Neighborhoods were people of similar backgrounds, professions Daytime: loud, busy Nightime: streets deserted No garbage or sewer systems Waste thrown in streets Towns were filthy, smelly, noisy, crowded: perfect for spreading disease

Late Medieval Town Dwellings

7.4 Left Side Use Color! Create a guild crest of an occupation that you would have enjoyed if you had lived during the middle ages. Include at least 4 symbols of your guild 2. At the bottom of your crest, establish rules (3+) and/or requirements for joining your guild.

Guilds Bakers, cobblers, butchers Jewelers, stone masons, carpenters Coopers, tailors, blacksmiths Harness maker, weaver, bookbinder Architect, leatherworker, banker apothecaries, painter, sculptor

Ch. 7 creative side activity Draw 3 pictures w/ captions for the following topics: Vassals, lords, knights or serfs. Treatment of Jews in Medieval times. Anything to do w/ the power, influence of the Christian Church in Medieval times. Think: papal supremacy, women, sacraments, Benedictine Rule, etc.