Current situation of landfilling The Regional Workshop of the Basel Convention Regional Centre in Slovakia Workshop on Criteria and procedures for acceptance of waste at landfills Current situation of landfilling Dragan Asanovic, senior adviser Ministry of tourism and environment Montenegro

Workshop on Criteria and procedures for acceptance of waste at landfills EU LEGAL FRAMEWORK: ACCEPTANCE PROCEDURES: Directive 1999/31/EC - Art. 11 - Waste acceptance procedures and Annex II - Waste acceptance criteria and procedures Decision 2003/33/EC - Annex 1 - Procedure for the acceptance of waste at landfills and Annex 3 - Sampling and test methods ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA: Directive 1999/31/EC: - Art. 4 - Classes of landfill Art. 5 - Waste and treatment not acceptable in landfills Art. 6 - Waste to be accepted in the different classes of landfills Decision 2003/33/EC - Annex 2 - Waste acceptance criteria SAMPLING AND TEST METHODS Sampling and testing according to methods listed in Annex Section 3 of Decision 2003/33/EC (developed by CEN)

Workshop on Criteria and procedures for acceptance of waste at landfills MONTENEGRO LEGAL FRAMEWORK: National waste management policy, 2004 Republic-Level Solid Waste Strategic Master Plan, 2005 Waste Management Law (Official Gazette no. 80/05 and 73/08) Waste management plan 2008-2012 The main tasks set by the new legislative and strategic framework for waste management in Montenegro include waste reduction, waste separation, adequate disposal and recycling in order to reduce pollution from waste and to preserve the resource base. Main challenges in waste management are successful implementation of the Law on Waste management (entering into force as of January 2010), the provision of funds for the implementation of projects and programmes envisaged by the Master Plan for Solid Waste Management and building capacities of public utility companies as the main providers of municipal waste collection and disposal services. In additional, there are also significant challenges relating to the selection of sites for future regional landfills that are acceptable for local population; from the point of view of environmental protection and which incur the lowest costs. Another important challenge is the development of the programme for recycling of all the waste categories, since recycling was so far done on a very small case. With industrial and hazardous particular, main challenges relate to the implementation of new regulations and necessary improvements in managing these categories of waste.

Montenegrin legislation- cont. The Regulation on dumps, OGM No. 20/83, (still in use) sets out the sanitary-technical conditions for disposal of waste and faeces to land, including (peripherally) hazardous waste. It also covers certain industrial wastes (defined as industrial dust, slag, ash) which should be stored for covering of roads, preparation of construction areas, etc. The Regulation on criteria for the selection of locations, the way and action for storage of the waste material, OGM No.56/00.(still in use) regulates hazardous waste separation, collection, transportation (also regulated by the LTHS), temporary storage, treatment, final disposal, notification, and monitoring of waste amounts and types generated and disposed of to landfill. In general, Montenegro lacks basic and accompanying infrastructure for handling hazardous waste. A small share of hazardous waste is exported, and the rest is disposed mostly in an uncontrolled manner. The Law on public utility service, OGM No.12/95. specifies that one of the municipal activities is the “maintenance of cleanliness in cities and other settlements” (Arts. 2, 3). This includes the collection and disposal of waste generated in the municipality (households, administration, commerce…).

Waste Landfill Directive Transposition of Waste Landfill Directive: “Transposition of the Directive is have been transposed through the adoption of the Waste Management Law . Some definitions, inter alia underground storage; leachate, and landfill gas have not been transposed yet. Transposition of the definitions as well as the majority of substance provisions is foreseen through adoption of an ordinance (Ministerial Order) on the conditions and requirements for site determined for landfill, construction and operation on landfills which is currently in the drafting phase and expected to be adopted not later than 1st of January 2010. The provision concerning conditioning plans according to the Directive's art. 14 has not been transposed and it is not foreseen how and when this will happen. Thus, full transposition has not been determined yet.” Landfill classification - Article 59 of WML defined the class of landfill Criteria for waste to be accepted to landfills will be a part of Ministerial Order) on the conditions and requirements for site determined for landfill, construction and operation on landfills - EU Decision 2003/33/EC on establishing criteria and procedures for the acceptance of waste at landfills)

Overview of existing waste disposal sites Category Criteria Sites 1 Regional sanitary landfill with full equipment, drainage system and a base layer with foil; systems to monitor and control leachate and gasses at the landfill “Lovanja” for Budva, Kotor and Tivat (closed – new landfill is to be built); “Livade” – Podgorica for Podgorica, Danilovgrad and Cetinje 2 Fenced (fence, ramp, guard, covering) Žabljak, Rožaje 3 Covering without waste burning Pljevlja, Nikšić 4 Fenced, ramp, guard Andrijevica, Herceg Novi 5 Unprotected site, periodic waste burning Bar, Ulcinj, Plužine, Plav (two landfills – for Plav and Gusinje); Kolašin, Mojkovac, Bijelo Polje, Berane, Šavnik

Current situation of landfilling The Strategic Master Plan proposes remediation of current disposal sites so as not to pose a threat to human health and the environment. In Podgorica, the remediation of the disposal site which had been used for decades was performed during the construction of the modern sanitary landfill where both the old waste and newly collected waste are disposed. In general, Montenegro lacks basic and accompanying infrastructure for handling hazardous waste. A small share of hazardous waste is exported, and the rest is disposed mostly in an uncontrolled manner.

Current situation of landfilling The entire state has been divided into the following 8 catchment areas: Bar (municipality Bar, Ulcinj) Berane (municipality Berane, Rozaje, Andrijevica, Plav) Budva (municipality Budva, Kotor, Tivat) Herceg Novi (municipality Herceg Novi) Mojkovac (municipality Mojkovac, Bijelo Polje, Kolasin) Niksic (municipality Niksic, Savnik, Pluzine) Pljevlja (municipality Pljevlja, Zabljak) Podgorica (municipality Podgorica, Cetinje, Danilovgrad) The population density and therewith the amount of municipal waste generated, geographical conditions and possibilities of transport of waste were the main factors taken into account when catchment areas had to be established.

The Municipal Waste Management Plan and associated Recycling Strategy are based on the proposed catchment areas. Future network of landfills and transfer stations are based on the proposed division and the forecasted waste amounts. Each catchment area will be served by one intermunicipal landfill, constructed in accordance with requirements of EU Landfill directive and meeting other requirements outlined in the attached reviews of individual landfills. In most cases the landfill will have facilities for recycling of waste, composting facilities for green waste and sludge treatment.

Source: Landfill Site Selection Report Landfill at municipality Municipalities inside the catchment area Population covered Waste disposed in 2004 [t] Waste to be disposed in 2007-2011 [t] Bar Bar, Ulcinj 60.000 11.400 78.000 Berane Berane, Plav, Andrijevica, Rozaje 76.000 7.750 51.600 Herceg Novi 33.000 7.800 49.800 Mojkovac Mojkovac, Bijelo Polje, Kolasin 70.000 6.200 42.500 Niksic Niksic, Pluzine, Savnik 82.000 15.800 87.600 Pljevlja Pljevlja, Zabljak 40.000 4.800 25.600 Podgorica Podgorica, Cetinje, Danilovgrad 204.000 41.600 242.400 TOTAL 572,000 95.350 577.500

Source: Landfill Site Selection Report Landfill at municipality Landfill area [ha] Net landfill volume [m3] Total invest [Mio. €] Invest for first 5 years Additional costs [Mio. €] Costs first 5 years, [Mio. €] Bar 4.00 500,000 0.00 Berane 5.80 307,000 9.72 3.12 1.72 4.84 Herceg Novi 3.60 990,000 5.40 1.32 1.03 2.35 Mojkovac 3.50 640,000 7.04 1.80 1.30 3.10 Niksic 2.60 410,000 6.38 2.04 1.19 3.23 Pljevlja 1.85 120,000 3.31 1.11 0.66 1.77 Podgorica 32.50 4,010,000 29.26 3.37 4.86 8.23 TOTAL 61.11 12.76 10.76 23.52

Source: Landfill Site Selection Report

Source: Landfill Site Selection Report The current investment needs can be defined as follows: First phase of the construction activities covering five years waste disposal (of which construction costs are 12,760,000 € and additional costs covering feasibility study, design, construction supervision, operational equipment amount to 10,760,000 €) 23,520,000 € The total costs for the six intermunicipal landfills are 61,110,000 € The intermunicipal landfill for the municipalities of Budva, Tivat and Kotor has not been included in this report as municipalities were not able to allocate the appropriate permanent landfill site for the evaluation by project experts and inclusion in the subsequent plan. The financing of the feasibility study, design and construction of Bar landfill will be done through financial means supplied by the World Bank (MESTAP project – Montenegro Environmentally Sensitive Tourist Areas Project).

Current situation of landfilling The Strategic Master Plan foresee building of (in total) seven regional landifills for 21 municipalities The preparation of feasibility studies and elaborates on EIA for six regional landfills as well as revision of each feasibility study are finished (Bar,Kotor,Pljevlja and Bijelo Polje -494.000€; Berane 150.00€; Niksic 200.000€)* The contracts are signed for developing of the Detailed Projects for Berane,Nikšić,Kotor,Pljevlja and Bijelo Polje (777.500€).* *Source: Government report for implementation of Waste management plan 2008-2012 for 2008

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