GLOBAL CONCERNS CLIMATE CHANGE GLOBAL WARMING

Environmental Pollution Green House Gas Emission Energy Consumption ROOT CAUSE

BUILT GREEN BUILDINGS or SUSTAINABLE HABITAT OBJECTIVE : To evolve a strategy to reduce energy use in buildings so as to reduce energy costs and greenhouse gas emission into the earth’s atmosphere. A GREEN BUILDING is designed , constructed and operated to minimize the total environmental impacts while enhancing user comfort and productivity

GREEN BUILDING CONCEPT Sustainable site planning •Building Design optimization •Energy performance optimization •Renewal energy utilization •Water and Waste management •Solid waste management •Sustainable building material and construction technology •Health, well being and environmental quality

GREEN BUILDING RATING SYSTEM Green building rating system is an evaluation tool that measures environmental performance of a building through its lifecycle. Comprises of a set of criteria covering various parameters related to design, construction and operation of a green building Each criterion has pre assigned points and sets performance benchmarks and goals that are largely quantifiable. A project is awarded points once it fulfills the rating criteria. The points are added up and the final rating of a project is decided. Globally, green building rating systems are largely voluntary in nature and have been instrumental in raising awareness and popularizing green building design.

International Rating Programs: BREEAM Building Research Establishment’s Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) was developed in UK in 1990 •Covers a range of building types : offices, homes, industrial units, retail units, and schools. •Points are awarded for each criterion and the points are added for a total score. •The overall building performance is awarded a ‘Pass’, ‘Good’, ‘Very Good’ or ‘Excellent’ rating based on the score. •BREEAM has separate criteria/checklist for evaluation of Design and Procurement Management and Operation of buildings. There is also a set of core credits that can be applied for, in case if the building wishes to go in for ‘Core only’ assessment for building performance.

BREEAM major categories of criteria for Design and Procurement •Management(commissioning period and process adopted, monitoring of commissioning, energy use insite activities, waste management, pollution minimization) •Health and comfort (adequateventilation,humidification,presenceofcontrollableblinds,energyefficientlighting,thermalandvisualcomfort,lownoiselevels) •Energy(sub-metering) •Transport(modes of transport to and from site, alternative transport facilities) •Water(consumption reduction, metering,leakdetection) •Materials (asbestos mitigation, storage facilities, reuse of structures, specifications of envelope, use of crushed aggregate and sustainable timber) •Landuse (previously used land ,use of remediated contaminated land) •Ecology(landwithlowecologicalvalueorminimalchangeinvalue,maintainingmajorecologicalsystemsontheland,minimizationofbiodiversityimpacts) •Pollution(leak detection systems,onsite treatments,local or renewable energy sources, light pollution design, avoid use of ozone depleting and globalwarming substances)

International Rating Programs: CASBEE COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM FOR BUILDING ENVIRONMENTAL EFFICIENCY (CASBEE) was developed in Japan, in 2001. •The family of assessment tools is based on the building’s life cycle: pre-design, new construction, existing buildings, and renovation. •CASBEE presents a new concept for assessment that distinguishes environmental load from environmental quality and building performance. •Under CASBEE there are two spaces, internal and external, divided by the hypothetical boundary, which is defined by the site boundary and other elements, with two factors related to the two spaces, in which the ‘Negative aspects of environmental impact which go beyond the hypothetical enclosed space to the outside (the public property)’ ‘Improving living amenity for the building users’ are considered side by side.

International Rating Programs: LEED Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design(LEED®) was developed and piloted in the US in 1998 as a consensus-based building rating system based on the use of existing building technology. •The rating system addresses specific environmental building related impact using a whole building environmental performance approach. •The Indian Green Building Council has adapted LEED system and has launched LEED India version for rating of new construction. •Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) has launched several other products for rating of different typologies of buildings including homes, factories, among others.

Key Components of the LEED System Sustainable sites (construction related pollution prevention, site development impacts, transportation alternatives, storm water management, heat island effect, and light pollution) • Water efficiency (landscaping water use reduction, indoor water use reduction, and waste water management strategies) •Energy and atmosphere (commissioning, whole building energy performance optimization, refrigerant management, renewable energy use, and measurement and verification) • Materials and resources (recycling collection locations, building reuse, construction waste management, and the purchase of regionally manufactured materials, materials with recycled content, rapidly renewable materials, salvaged materials, and FSC certified wood products) • Indoor environmental quality (environmental tobacco smoke control, outdoor air delivery monitoring, increased ventilation, construction indoor air quality, use low emitting materials, source control, and controllability of thermal and lighting systems) • Innovation and design process (LEED® accredited professional, and innovative strategies for sustainable design)

The number of points a project earns determines the level of LEED certification. There are four levels of certification - the number of points a project earns determines the level of LEED certification that the project will receive. Typical certification thresholds are: 80+ Points PLATINUM 60-79 Points GOLD 50-59 Points SILVER 40-49 Points CERTIFIED

1.   Credit 1, Site Selection – choosing a site that reduces environmental impact from the location of a building on a site. 2.   Credit 2, Development Density & Community Connectivity – developing in urban areas with existing infrastructure, protect greenfields and preserve habitat and natural resources. 3.    Credit 3, Brownfield Redevelopment – rehabilitate sites that are contaminated to reduce pressure on undeveloped lands. 4.   Credit 4, Alternative Transportation: 4 options – reduce pollution and land development impacts from automobile use.  This gets one thinking about public transportation, bicycles, energy efficient vehicles and parking capacity. 5.   Credit 5, Site Development : 2 options – Promoting biodiversity by conserving existing natural areas and restoring damaged areas or having a high ratio of open space to development footprint. 6.   Credit 6, Stormwater Design: 2 options, Quantity and Quality control –  limiting distribution and pollution of natural water flow by managing stormwater runoff and / or reducing impervious cove, increasing on-site infiltration, reducing or eliminating pollution from stormwater runoff, and eliminating contaminants. 7.      Credit 7, Heat Island Effect: 2 options, Non-roof and Roof – Reducing heat island (thermal gradient differences between developed and undeveloped area) to minimize impact on microclimate, human and wildlife habitat. 8.      Credit 8, Light Pollution Reduction – minimize light trespass from the building and site, this would reduce sky-glow to increase night sky access, improve nighttime visibility through glare reduction, and reduce development impact on nocturnal environments.

Site Design and Management SUSTAINABLE SITE Key concepts •LEED Goals •Strategies •Measures •Standards Key concepts Transportation Site Selection Site Design and Management Storm Water Management

SUSTAINABLE SITE DESIGN Locate, plan, and design to reduce impacts and increase sustainability in four key areas: Reduce transportation demand Minimize storm water impacts Protect habitat Reuse or restore sites CONSTRUCTION Protect ecosystems •Minimize construction impacts OPERATION Sustain and maintain over time:On‐site storm water management systems On‐site habitat systems

BROWN FIELDS DEFINITION "real property, the expansion, redevelopment, or reuse of which may be complicated by the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant“ BROWN FIELDS REDEVELOPMENT seeks : To environmentally assess existing brownfield properties, Prevent further contamination, Safely cleanup polluted properties, and design plans for reuse HISTORY Traced to Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA, or Superfund) Greenfields ≠ Brownfields Definition amended in 2002 REASON FOR BROWN FIELDS FORMATION Energy Exploration (1800’s to present) Steel production (1870’s to 1980’s) Manufacturing (1800’s to present)

Former gas stations Old dry cleaners Car repair facility Former military bases Power plants Manufacturing plants Aviation facilities Abandoned railroads or switching yards Foundries REASON FOR CHOSING BROWNFIELDS Perceived or real contamination Land has economic value Access to existing infrastructure (roads, sewer) Additional tax revenue Availability of existing buildings Removes stigma of blight Reduces sprawl

BROWNFIELD DEVELOPMENT : CHALLENGING Cleanup costs can be uncertain Long term liability is a concern Perception of property can be a hurdle

Overall choosing a site is the first step in any project and by understanding the credits of this section, we would understand that the Sustainable Sites (SS) section defines the need to: 1.      Choose a site to build on that has been built on by others. 2.      Choose a site that is close to transportation, amenities and housing. 3.      Redevelop and/ redeem a site to make it both ecologically friendly and environmentally friendly. 4.      Reduce the impact of heat island effect and light pollution that impacts our ecosystem and human health. 5.      Protect our air and water ways from pollution.

GRIHA: Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment National Rating System of India. •Will evaluate environmental performance of buildings holistically over its entire lifecycle, there by providing a definitive standards for what constitute a green building. •GRIHA has been conceived by TERI and developed jointly with the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India. It is a green building‘ design evaluation system', and is suitable for all kinds of buildings in different climatic zones of the country. •ADARSH, Association for Development and Research of Sustainable Habitats founded jointly by TERI (The Energy and Resources Institute,NewDelhi) and MNRE(Ministry of New and Renewable Energy,GovernmentofIndia) along with a handful of experts in the sustainability of built environment from across the country. •ADARSH promotes GRIHA as a design & evaluation tool for Green Buildings and Habitats.

GRIHA: Criteria's 34 Rating Criteria’s Points Ratings 51 -60 61 -70 71 -80 81 -90 91 -100

Protection : Well Being Water Management

Building Design Optimization Energy Performance Optimization Energy Performance Optimization

Sustainable Building Material & Construction Technology Waste Water Management

Renewable Energy Utilization

Solid Waste Management Environmental Quality