Literature Review and Policy Analysis of CRS Peacebuilding Programs Angie Garvey

Research Questions Cultural factors and youth involvement in Conflict Management and Mitigation (CMM) structures Which significant cultural factors influence youth involvement in conflict resolution mechanisms? What considerations should CRS put in place to design effective programs that address the negative effects of these cultural factors? Integration of peace building in Education project What interventions should CRS implement to address peace building concerns among communities where it is implementing education programs in Sudan? What role can communities play in mitigating effects of conflict on education projects?

Methodology Databases Grey Literature Administrative Sources Science Direct, Web of Science, PAIS, CIAO Grey Literature Administrative Sources SOAR Higher and Promoting Trust Programs

Reported Impediments to Participation Farmer youth most affected by violent conflict Education interventions unable to reach the most marginalized youth Insufficient interaction between farmer and pastoralist youth Primarily adult male membership of conflict resolution committees Communal push-back against increased female youth participation

Barriers to Participation & Cultural Factors Farmer youth most affected by violent conflict Education interventions unable to reach the most marginalized youth Insufficient interaction between farmer and pastoralist youth Primarily adult male membership of conflict resolution committees Communal push-back against increased female youth participation Tension and isolation between farmer and pastoralist communities Entrenched tradition of adult male leadership

Evaluation Criteria Evaluation Criteria Cultural Factor Addresses the most isolated and at risk youth.  Tension and Isolation between farmer and pastoralist communities Promotes youth leadership and ownership. Entrenched tradition of adult male leadership Is gender sensitive.

Isolated and at risk youth Youth leadership and ownership 1: Status Quo Farm Protection Committees Resource Management Committees Savings and Internal Lending Committees Accelerated Learning Program Youth Environmental Protection Club Isolated and at risk youth Youth leadership and ownership Gender sensitivity Low High

2: Youth-led participatory research Young people are trained to conduct systematic research on conflict Dual purpose: An opportunity to develop knowledge and skills An analysis the security context in a given location Isolated and at risk youth Youth leadership and ownership Gender sensitivity Medium High

3: Team sports for pastoralist youth Entry point to peacemaking Forum for non-violent rivalry and competition Creates space for farmer-pastoralist youth interaction Isolated and at risk youth Youth leadership and ownership Gender sensitivity High Medium Low

4: Community-consulted intergenerational exchanges Strengthen the connection between youth and existing leadership Focus on intergenerational participation of multiple groups Especially female youth Isolated and at risk youth Youth leadership and ownership Gender sensitivity Medium High

Youth Participation in Peacebuilding Options   Isolated and at risk youth Youth leadership and ownership Gender sensitivity Status Quo Low High Youth-led participatory research Medium Sports activities Community-consulted intergenerational exchanges

Recommendation Isolated and at risk youth   Isolated and at risk youth Youth leadership and ownership Gender sensitivity Sports activities High Medium Low Community-consulted intergenerational exchanges Do both

Causes of Insecurity Immediate Drivers of Conflict Returning of IDPs Regional Conflict Trends Declining Economy Long-Term Causes of Conflict Erosion of Natural Resources Population Growth War in 2003 Legal Inequalities

1: Status Quo Farm Protection Committees Resource Management Committees Savings and Internal Lending Committees Gender sensitivity trainings Technical feasibility Political Viability Administrative Operability Cultural and Contextual Appropriateness Low Medium High

2: Early Warning Early Response (EWER) System Data collection on conflict indicators Risk analysis Dissemination of information with recommendations to stakeholders Supports existing conflict prevention structures Technical feasibility Political Viability Administrative Operability Cultural and Contextual Appropriateness Low Medium High

3: Community-based forums with differentiated women’s meetings Bring together different groups within communities Rebuild trust and confidence among community members Space to support and provide feedback on project interventions Technical feasibility Political Viability Administrative Operability Cultural and Contextual Appropriateness Low Medium High

4: Community-led participatory research Ownership of understanding conflict and avenues of conflict resolution Information can be shared with CRS researchers and program staff Incorporates local voices in programming Technical feasibility Political Viability Administrative Operability Cultural and Contextual Appropriateness Low High Medium

Community-based Conflict Resolution Options   Technical feasibility Political Viability Administrative Operability Cultural and Contextual Appropriateness Status Quo Low Medium High Early Warning Early Response (EWER) Community-based forums with differentiated women’s meetings Community-led participatory research

Recommendations Technical feasibility Political Viability   Technical feasibility Political Viability Administrative Operability Cultural and Contextual Appropriateness Community-based forums with differentiated women’s meetings Low Medium High Community-led participatory research Do both

Questions?