The Atmosphere during MOSAiC Matthew Shupe (University of Colorado/NOAA) on behalf of many What we’ll cover: “Why?” – the top level drivers for Arctic atmospheric research. “What? How?” – what are the important measurements and how will we make them. What will these serve? MOSAiC Implementation Workshop 13-16 November 2017

in Central Arctic System Atmospheric Coupling in Central Arctic System Stratosphere Large-scale dynamics Clouds Advection Aerosols Precipitation Radiation Atmospheric Mixing Key modes of atmospheric coupling within the system: Multi-scale Dynamics (turbulence, momentum, large-scale), Advection, Radiation, Precipitation, Gas/particle/aerosol fluxes. These map directly onto the MOSAiC science themes. Let’s take a look at some key processes and how we can understand them. Persson et al.: Advection-cloud-radiation-energy fluxes-ice growth Cloud-aerosol interaction There are many others Miller et al.: Flux relationships as a means for process understanding and model evaluation. Can we do this with others? Momentum ABL Turbulence Gas fluxes Surface Energy Budget Sea ice / Melt Ponds / Ocean

Science Goals Surface Energy Budget (link to ice, ocean, eco) Momentum transfer (link to ice, ocean) ABL structure & Airmass transformation Cloud composition & processes Aerosol sources & cloud activity (link to BGC) Characterize precipitation (link to snow)

Committed Activities AWI: Soundings, ship measurements DOE ARM: Mobile Atmospheric Facility TROPOS: OceanNet system NSF: Surface flux program U. Leipzig: Spectral radiation Proposed activities: Russia, China, Finland, Switzerland, UK, Germany, US, France…

Multiscale Design Central Observatory Characterize column Large-scale linkages Link to MIZ, ocean, and land Air mass advection/transformation Model assimilation studies Arctic regional & global models > 1000 km Distributed Network Heterogeneity of fluxes Spatial distribution Impact of leads Model grid cell < 50 km < 5 km Central Observatory Characterize column Vertical coupling Process scale observations Let’s think about the scales and consider each of these.

Central Observatory Thermodynamic profiling (DOE, TROPOS, AWI) On Polarstern Thermodynamic profiling (DOE, TROPOS, AWI) Wind profiling (DOE, UTrier, ULeeds) Cloud/precip (DOE, TROPOS, UCologne) Radiation (TROPOS, ULeipzig) Aerosol/Gas (DOE, UHels, PSI, BAS, UColo) I’m not going to talk about the specific instruments exhaustively, as that is very much into the details. I list the institutions that have either committed, or are interested in pursuing support to participate. There is still room for participation as there are still gaps. Have to engage in dialog with the team.

Central Observatory Surface fluxes/met tower (DOE, UColo, AWI) on ice Surface fluxes/met tower (DOE, UColo, AWI) Radiation (DOE) Precipitation (DOE) Gas fluxes (UColo) Tethered Balloon (AWI, TROPOS)

Distributed Network Surface met/flux stations (UColo) iAOOS buoys (France) Thermo/turb from UAS (UColo, FMI, SAMS) Surf fluxes from heli (UBraun, AWI)

Large-scale Opportunities Aircraft Operations (AWI, NASA, FAAM,…) Other Ships (Tryoshnikov, Xue Long, Oden…) IASOA Stations Satellite Observations Aircraft operations provide transects to examine airmass trajectories, in situ observations for evaluating retrievals, detailed observations of key properties that can’t be observed from the ground-based assets. Other ships: Perspective on the influence of surface transitions on the cloud-atmosphere-aerosol-radiation system IASOA stations: Ring the Arctic and provide a link to lower latitudes, and to the land Satellite observations: AIRS to look at water vapor, cloud retrievals from various sensors

Distinctive Features Most comprehensive atmospheric observatory Over Arctic Ocean Most comprehensive atmospheric observatory Complementary measurements for most parameters Continuous thermodynamic profiling First scanning cloud radars

Many Opportunities for Engagement Looking Forward Key funding decisions Aerosol sampling Wind profiling plan Tethered balloon Aircraft coordination Engage with partners and reach out to funding agencies to express interest. Many Opportunities for Engagement

Session objectives Further discuss / refine instrument list Identify and discuss specific gaps/solutions Identify top level product objectives for models Key participants and approach to coordination What instruments will we have without people in the field? Key areas of coordination (pollution monitoring…) What specific types of analyses would be useful: back trajectories, operational satellite data at certain locations, etc. What satellite products do we want?