Earth Science **Press enter or the arrow key to go to the next slide** Mystery Detectives Earth Science **Press enter or the arrow key to go to the next slide** Copyright © 2002 Glenna R. Shaw and FTC Publishing All Rights Reserved

Question 1- Which of the following is NOT true? *A. Deposition is the breaking of rocks into particles. * *B Erosion and weathering can create deep valleys. * *C. Hurricanes can speed up wind erosion. * *D. Erosion carries rocks from place to place. *

Question 1- Which of the following is NOT true? *A. Deposition is the breaking of rocks into particles. * *B Erosion and weathering can create deep valleys. * *C. Hurricanes can speed up wind erosion. * *D. Erosion carries rocks from place to place. *

Question 2 – Which of the following is an example of a constructive process that can change Earth’s surface? *F. Waves eroding a beach * *G. A volcano erupting * *H. Wind weathering a rock * *J. A hurricane hitting a coastline *

Question 2 – Which of the following is an example of a constructive process that can change Earth’s surface? *F. Waves eroding a beach * *G. A volcano erupting * *H. Wind weathering a rock * *J. A hurricane hitting a coastline *

Question 3 – When we look at a canyon like this, we see the results of - *A. river erosion that took place over a few hundred years* *B. river deposits that were added to the canyon walls over millions of years* *C. weathering of canyon walls that took place over a few hundred years* *D. river erosion and weathering that took place over millions of years*

Question 3 – When we look at a canyon like this, we see the results of - *A. river erosion that took place over a few hundred years* *B. river deposits that were added to the canyon walls over millions of years* *C. weathering of canyon walls that took place over a few hundred years* *D. river erosion and weathering that took place over millions of years*

Question 4 – Oil, natural gas, and coal provide most of the energy we use today. How were these resources formed? *F. These nonrenewable resources formed deep in the Earth from prehistoric plants and animals.* *G. These renewable resources deep in the Earth from hot magma and lava.* *H. These nonrenewable resources formed from magma deep in the Earth.* *J. These inexhaustible resources formed from magma deep in the Earth.*

Question 4 – Oil, natural gas, and coal provide most of the energy we use today. How were these resources formed? *F. These nonrenewable resources formed deep in the Earth from prehistoric plants and animals.* *G. These renewable resources deep in the Earth from hot magma and lava.* *H. These nonrenewable resources formed from magma deep in the Earth.* *J. These inexhaustible resources formed from magma deep in the Earth.*

Question 5 – Deltas are examples of landforms formed by— *A. deposition* *B. weathering* *C. erosion* *D. precipitation*

Question 5 – Deltas are examples of landforms formed by— *A. deposition* *B. weathering* *C. erosion* *D. precipitation*

Question 6 – A student noticed that the size of Galveston Beach changed each day. Why does this happen? *F. Oceans have one high tide and one low tide every week.* *G. Oceans have two high tides and two low tides every week.* *H. Oceans have three high tides and three low tides every day.* *J. Oceans have two high tides and two low tides every day. *

Question 6 – A student noticed that the size of Galveston Beach changed each day. Why does this happen? *F. Oceans have one high tide and one low tide every week.* *G. Oceans have two high tides and two low tides every week.* *H. Oceans have three high tides and three low tides every day.* *J. Oceans have two high tides and two low tides every day. *

Question 7 – Why is the water cycle vital to plants and animals living on land? *A. Precipitation replaces water that is lost from oceans and lakes because of evaporation.* *B. Water vapor condenses to reduce evaporation from lakes and rivers.* *C. Groundwater is replaced by saltwater from the oceans.* *D. Evaporation from rivers and lakes adds water to the oceans.*

Question 7 – Why is the water cycle vital to plants and animals living on land? *A. Precipitation replaces water that is lost from oceans and lakes because of evaporation.* *B. Water vapor condenses to reduce evaporation from lakes and rivers.* *C. Groundwater is replaced by saltwater from the oceans.* *D. Evaporation from rivers and lakes adds water to the oceans.*

Question 8 – Which landform was most likely made by the process of deposition? *F. An arch * *H. A cliff* *J. A cave* *G. A beach *

Question 8 – Which landform was most likely made by the process of deposition? *F. An arch * *H. A cliff* *J. A cave* *G. A beach *

Question 9 – A stalactite is a feature that hangs like an icicle from the roof of a cavern. How do stalactites in limestone caverns most likely form? *A. Glaciers move through the cavern and deposit weathered limestone there.* *B. Water drips through cracks in the cavern roof and deposits limestone over time.* *C. Wind flows through cracks in the roof and weathers some of the limestone.* *D. An underground river flows through the cavern and dissolves some of the limestone.*

Question 9 – A stalactite is a feature that hangs like an icicle from the roof of a cavern. How do stalactites in limestone caverns most likely form? *A. Glaciers move through the cavern and deposit weathered limestone there.* *B. Water drips through cracks in the cavern roof and deposits limestone over time.* *C. Wind flows through cracks in the roof and weathers some of the limestone.* *D. An underground river flows through the cavern and dissolves some of the limestone.*

Question 10 – What part does the sun play in the water cycle? *F. The sun causes ocean water to evaporate.* *G. The sun causes ocean water to disappear.* *H. The sun causes ocean water to condense.* *J. The sun causes ocean water to precipitate.*

Question 10 – What part does the sun play in the water cycle? *F. The sun causes ocean water to evaporate.* *G. The sun causes ocean water to disappear.* *H. The sun causes ocean water to condense.* *J. The sun causes ocean water to precipitate.*

Question 11 – Which of the following would be a way to prevent erosion? *A. Plant grass on bare spots on your lawn.* *B. Cut down trees to make room for houses.* *C. Build a major highway through a forest.* *D. Plant many plants in pots in a greenhouse.*

Question 11 – Which of the following would be a way to prevent erosion? *A. Plant grass on bare spots on your lawn.* *B. Cut down trees to make room for houses.* *C. Build a major highway through a forest.* *D. Plant many plants in pots in a greenhouse.*

Question 12 – Which of the following landforms was most likely formed by wave erosion? *F. A sea cliff* *G. A beach* *H. A sand dune* *J. A river delta*

Question 12 – Which of the following landforms was most likely formed by wave erosion? *F. A sea cliff* *G. A beach* *H. A sand dune* *J. A river delta*

Question 13 – What causes day and night on Earth? *A. The Earth’s orbit around the sun* *B. The tilt of the Earth on its axis* *C. The movement of the moon* *D. The turning of Earth on its axis*

Question 13 – What causes day and night on Earth? *A. The Earth’s orbit around the sun* *B. The tilt of the Earth on its axis* *C. The movement of the moon* *D. The turning of Earth on its axis*

Question 14 – A student placed some clean rocks in a clear plastic jar filled with clean water. He put the lid on the jar and shook it for a few minutes. The student noticed that smaller pieces had broken off some of the rocks and that there was fine grit on the bottom of the jar. What change of the Earth’s surface was the student modeling? F. Creation of rocks* *H. Weathering of rocks* *G. Erosion of sediments* *J. Forming of deltas*

Question 14 – A student placed some clean rocks in a clear plastic jar filled with clean water. He put the lid on the jar and shook it for a few minutes. The student noticed that smaller pieces had broken off some of the rocks and that there was fine grit on the bottom of the jar. What change of the Earth’s surface was the student modeling? F. Creation of rocks* *H. Weathering of rocks* *G. Erosion of sediments* *J. Forming of deltas*

Question 15 – How does the sun affect the winds that blow on the Earth? *A. It provides food and energy for the trees.* *B. It puts water into the Earth’s atmosphere.* *C. It warms the waters of the Earth’s oceans.* *D. It changes the temperature of the air.*

Question 15 – How does the sun affect the winds that blow on the Earth? *A. It provides food and energy for the trees.* *B. It puts water into the Earth’s atmosphere.* *C. It warms the waters of the Earth’s oceans.* *D. It changes the temperature of the air.*

Question 16 – Soil is created when . *F. earthquakes occur* *G. rocks are broken down* *H. it mixes with water* *J. glaciers melt*

Question 16 – Soil is created when . *F. earthquakes occur* *G. rocks are broken down* *H. it mixes with water* *J. glaciers melt*

Question 17 – Which gas in the atmosphere condenses to form clouds and rain? *A. Oxygen* *B. Water vapor* *C. Carbon dioxide* *D. Nitrogen*

Question 17 – Which gas in the atmosphere condenses to form clouds and rain? *A. Oxygen* *B. Water vapor* *C. Carbon dioxide* *D. Nitrogen*

Question 18 – What would happen if the Earth stopped rotating? *F. Half of the Earth would always be dark.* *G. The entire Earth would always be dark.* *H. The entire Earth would always be light.* *J. The sun would revolve around the Earth.*

Question 18 – What would happen if the Earth stopped rotating? *F. Half of the Earth would always be dark.* *G. The entire Earth would always be dark.* *H. The entire Earth would always be light.* *J. The sun would revolve around the Earth.*

Question 19 – Which of the following are fossil fuels? *A. Oil* *B. Coal* *C. Natural gas* *D. All of these*

Question 19 – Which of the following are fossil fuels? *A. Oil* *B. Coal* *C. Natural gas* *D. All of these*

Question 20 – What type of energy does the sun provide? *F. Electrical* *G. Lunar* *H. Solar* *J. Sound*

Question 20 – What type of energy does the sun provide? *F. Electrical* *G. Lunar* *H. Solar* *J. Sound*

Question 21 – Plants grow best in soil that contains . *A. oxygen and hydrogen* *B. pebbles and rocks* *C. organic materials* *D. living animals*

Question 21 – Plants grow best in soil that contains . *A. oxygen and hydrogen* *B. pebbles and rocks* *C. organic materials* *D. living animals*

Question 22 – Which of these is an renewable resource that can turn a turbine to produce electricity? *F. Gold* *G. Coal* *H. Trees* *J. Wind *

Question 22 – Which of these is an renewable resource that can turn a turbine to produce electricity? *F. Gold* *G. Coal* *H. Trees* *J. Wind *

Question 23 – Which energy source is renewable? *A. Coal* *B. Geothermal* *C. Oil * *D. Natural gas *

Question 23 – Which energy source is renewable? *A. Coal* *B. Geothermal* *C. Oil * *D. Natural gas *

Question 24 - Which of the following best conserves the natural resources that are used to make a television? *F. Only buy televisions on sale* *G. Throw old televisions in the trash* *H. Repair broken televisions* *J. Donate a new television to your school*

Question 24 - Which of the following best conserves the natural resources that are used to make a television? *F. Only buy televisions on sale* *G. Throw old televisions in the trash* *H. Repair broken televisions* *J. Donate a new television to your school*

Question 25 – Electricity can be produced from renewable or nonrenewable energy sources. Which of the following are renewable energy resources only? *A. Wind and oil* *B. Wind and sunlight* *C. Natural gas and oil* *D. Natural gas and coal*

Question 25 – Electricity can be produced from renewable or nonrenewable energy sources. Which of the following are renewable energy resources only? *A. Wind and oil* *B. Wind and sunlight* *C. Natural gas and oil* *D. Natural gas and coal*

Question 26 – Which of the following landforms is created by a combination of wind erosion and deposition? *F. Canyon* *G. Delta* *H. Mountain* *J. Sand dune*

Question 26 – Which of the following landforms is created by a combination of wind erosion and deposition? *F. Canyon* *G. Delta* *H. Mountain* *J. Sand dune*

Question 27 – Why is coal classified as a nonrenewable resource? *A. It forms in a cycle over several years.* *B. It is easily mined from under the ground.* *C. It takes millions of years to form.* *D. It can be burned in furnaces and stoves.*

Question 27 – Why is coal classified as a nonrenewable resource? *A. It forms in a cycle over several years.* *B. It is easily mined from under the ground.* *C. It takes millions of years to form.* *D. It can be burned in furnaces and stoves.*

Question 28 - How long does it take the Earth to rotate once on its axis? *F. About 365 days* *G. About 24 hours* *H. About 1 year* *J. About 29 days*

Question 28 - How long does it take the Earth to rotate once on its axis? *F. About 365 days* *G. About 24 hours* *H. About 1 year* *J. About 29 days*

Question 29 – Scientists claim that the area around the Grand Canyon was once an ocean. What evidence would support their claim? *A. Fossils of ocean animals were found in the Grand Canyon.* *B. Dinosaur footprints were found near the Grand Canyon.* *C. Fish were found living in the rivers of the Grand Canyon.* *D. Bones from desert animals were found in the Grand Canyon.*

Question 29 – Scientists claim that the area around the Grand Canyon was once an ocean. What evidence would support their claim? *A. Fossils of ocean animals were found in the Grand Canyon.* *B. Dinosaur footprints were found near the Grand Canyon.* *C. Fish were found living in the rivers of the Grand Canyon.* *D. Bones from desert animals were found in the Grand Canyon.*

Question 30 – A glacier is a slow-moving river of ice Question 30 – A glacier is a slow-moving river of ice. How does a glacier help create new soil? *F. It carries plants down mountains to the oceans.* *G. It melts and becomes part of rivers and streams.* *H. It scrapes small particles off large rocks.* *J. It freezes small particles of dirt to form large rocks.*

Question 30 – A glacier is a slow-moving river of ice Question 30 – A glacier is a slow-moving river of ice. How does a glacier help create new soil? *F. It carries plants down mountains to the oceans.* *G. It melts and becomes part of rivers and streams.* *H. It scrapes small particles off large rocks.* *J. It freezes small particles of dirt to form large rocks.*

Question 31 – What is deposition? A. The dropping of sediments by wind, water, or ice* *B. The wearing away of rocks by wind, water, or ice* *C. The washing away of soil by wind, water, or ice* *D. The movement of soil from one place to another*

Question 31 – What is deposition? A. The dropping of sediments by wind, water, or ice* *B. The wearing away of rocks by wind, water, or ice* *C. The washing away of soil by wind, water, or ice* *D. The movement of soil from one place to another*

Question 32 – Which process changes rocks to soil? *F. Erosion* *G. Deposition* *H. Evaporating* *J. Weathering*

Question 32 – Which process changes rocks to soil? *F. Erosion* *G. Deposition* *H. Evaporating* *J. Weathering*

Question 33 - What causes seasons on the Earth? *A. The movement of the moon as it revolves around the sun* *B. The movement of the sun as the Earth revolves around it* *C. The tilt of the Earth on its axis as it revolves around the sun* *D. The orbits of other planets as they revolve around the sun*

Question 33 - What causes seasons on the Earth? *A. The movement of the moon as it revolves around the sun* *B. The movement of the sun as the Earth revolves around it* *C. The tilt of the Earth on its axis as it revolves around the sun* *D. The orbits of other planets as they revolve around the sun*

Question 34 – Which of the following is a nonrenewable resource? *F. Tree* *G. Mineral* *H. Cow* *J. Fish*

Question 34 – Which of the following is a nonrenewable resource? *F. Tree* *G. Mineral* *H. Cow* *J. Fish*

Question 35 – The diagram shows different layers of sedimentary rock Question 35 – The diagram shows different layers of sedimentary rock. Which layer is most likely the oldest? *A. Layer 1* *B. Layer 2* *C. Layer 3* *D. Layer 4*

Question 35 – The diagram shows different layers of sedimentary rock Question 35 – The diagram shows different layers of sedimentary rock. Which layer is most likely the oldest? *A. Layer 1* *B. Layer 2* *C. Layer 3* *D. Layer 4*

Question 36 – Which of the following must occur in order for a plant to be transformed into a fossil fuel? *F. They must be recycled several times.* *G. They must be buried under sediments.* *H. They must be eaten by animals.* *J. They must be burned.*

Question 36 – Which of the following must occur in order for a plant to be transformed into a fossil fuel? *F. They must be recycled several times.* *G. They must be buried under sediments.* *H. They must be eaten by animals.* *J. They must be burned.*

Question 37 – A student wanted to test how much moisture a plant needs for good growth. What is the independent variable in this investigation? *A. The amount of water* *B. The type of plant* *C. The type of soil* *D. The amount of light*

Question 37 – A student wanted to test how much moisture a plant needs for good growth. What is the independent variable in this investigation? *A. The amount of water* *B. The type of plant* *C. The type of soil* *D. The amount of light*

Question 38 - Which of the following is NOT an alternative source of energy? *F. The sun* *G. The wind* *H. Moving water* *J. Natural gas*

Question 38 - Which of the following is NOT an alternative source of energy? *F. The sun* *G. The wind* *H. Moving water* *J. Natural gas*

Question 39 - How does sediment change to rock? *A. The sediment erodes and changes to rock.* *B. The layers of sediment press down together. * *C. The sediment weathers and changes to rock.* *D. The sediment is hardened by volcanic action.*

Question 39 - How does sediment change to rock? *A. The sediment erodes and changes to rock.* *B. The layers of sediment press down together. * *C. The sediment weathers and changes to rock.* *D. The sediment is hardened by volcanic action.*

Question 40 – What do fossils indicate about some animals from long ago? *F. All animals today are exactly the same as they were millions of years ago.* *G. The only animals that have changed over time are fish.* *H. Most animals have not changed over time.* *J. Some animals have changed dramatically over time.*

Question 40 – What do fossils indicate about some animals from long ago? *F. All animals today are exactly the same as they were millions of years ago.* *G. The only animals that have changed over time are fish.* *H. Most animals have not changed over time.* *J. Some animals have changed dramatically over time.*

Question 41 – Which of the following is an example of a fossil? *A. A dried-out plant leaf * *B. Footprints in some wet mud * *C. The bones of a dinosaur * *D. Chicken bones from last night’s dinner *

Question 41 – Which of the following is an example of a fossil? *A. A dried-out plant leaf * *B. Footprints in some wet mud * *C. The bones of a dinosaur * *D. Chicken bones from last night’s dinner *

Question 42 – More and more solar power is being used in a variety of ways. What is solar power? *F. A nonrenewable resource that formed millions of years ago* *G. A nonrenewable resource that is replaced every day* *H. A renewable resource that forms from burning down trees* *J. A renewable resource that comes from the sun*

Question 42 – More and more solar power is being used in a variety of ways. What is solar power? *F. A nonrenewable resource that formed millions of years ago* *G. A nonrenewable resource that is replaced every day* *H. A renewable resource that forms from burning down trees* *J. A renewable resource that comes from the sun*

Question 43 - What happens when Earth’s plates grind past each other along fault lines? *A. An earthquake shakes the Earth.* *B. A volcanic eruption always occurs. * *C. A valley is created on the Earth.* *D. A glacier melts and causes erosion.*

Question 43 - What happens when Earth’s plates grind past each other along fault lines? *A. An earthquake shakes the Earth.* *B. A volcanic eruption always occurs. * *C. A valley is created on the Earth.* *D. A glacier melts and causes erosion.*

Question 44 – Which of the following processes would take the longest to change landforms on the Earth’s surface? *F. An earthquake shaking the ground* *G. Water moving sediment downstream* *H. Weathering of a rock by wind* *J. A volcanic eruption depositing lava *

Question 44 – Which of the following processes would take the longest to change landforms on the Earth’s surface? *F. An earthquake shaking the ground* *G. Water moving sediment downstream* *H. Weathering of a rock by wind* *J. A volcanic eruption depositing lava *

Question 45 – The great majority of the Earth’s surface is covered by — *A. rocks* *B. soil* *C. water* *D. sand*

Question 45 – The great majority of the Earth’s surface is covered by — *A. rocks* *B. soil* *C. water* *D. sand*

Question 46 – All of the following are effects of flowing water EXCEPT — *F. the movement of rocks and soil* *G. the formation of glaciers* *H. the formation of canyons and deltas* *J. the erosion of river and stream banks*

Question 46 – All of the following are effects of flowing water EXCEPT — *F. the movement of rocks and soil* *G. the formation of glaciers* *H. the formation of canyons and deltas* *J. the erosion of river and stream banks*

Question 47 – Barrier islands are sandbars along the coast of Texas Question 47 – Barrier islands are sandbars along the coast of Texas. These islands most likely formed when— *A. a large hurricane deposited sand during the early 1800’s* *B. ocean currents eroded sand from the coast for a few years* *C. ocean currents deposited the sand over millions of years* *D. tornadoes deposited the sand over millions of years*

Question 47 – Barrier islands are sandbars along the coast of Texas Question 47 – Barrier islands are sandbars along the coast of Texas. These islands most likely formed when— *A. a large hurricane deposited sand during the early 1800’s* *B. ocean currents eroded sand from the coast for a few years* *C. ocean currents deposited the sand over millions of years* *D. tornadoes deposited the sand over millions of years*

Question 48 - A large, slow-moving sheet of ice is called . *F. an iceberg* *G. a plate* *H. a glacier* *J. an earthquake*

Question 48 - A large, slow-moving sheet of ice is called . *F. an iceberg* *G. a plate* *H. a glacier* *J. an earthquake*

Question 49 – Many valleys in the Northern U. S Question 49 – Many valleys in the Northern U.S. have a U-shape that shows a glacier carved them. How long does it take a glacier to carve a valley? *A. Less than a year* *B. 10 to 20 years* *C. About a hundred years* *D. Thousands of years*

Question 49 – Many valleys in the Northern U. S Question 49 – Many valleys in the Northern U.S. have a U-shape that shows a glacier carved them. How long does it take a glacier to carve a valley? *A. Less than a year* *B. 10 to 20 years* *C. About a hundred years* *D. Thousands of years*

Question 50 – Which would be the best way to model the changes to a canyon after flooding? *F. A tray of sand with water dripping through it* *G. A tray of sand with water pouring down it* *H. A blow dryer blowing air on a tray of sand* *J. A heat lamp shining down on a wet tray of sand*

Question 50 – Which would be the best way to model the changes to a canyon after flooding? *F. A tray of sand with water dripping through it* *G. A tray of sand with water pouring down it* *H. A blow dryer blowing air on a tray of sand* *J. A heat lamp shining down on a wet tray of sand*

Question 51 – Mountains on Earth’s surface can be caused by earthquakes, uplift, or— *A. sand dunes* *B. volcanic eruptions* *C. shore lines* *D. wind erosion*

Question 51 – Mountains on Earth’s surface can be caused by earthquakes, uplift, or— *A. sand dunes* *B. volcanic eruptions* *C. shore lines* *D. wind erosion*

Question 52 – A delta often forms where a river flows into an ocean Question 52 – A delta often forms where a river flows into an ocean. Why do deltas continue to grow indefinitely? *F. The ocean weathers away the soil on the delta. * *G. The ocean is depositing sediments on the delta.* *H. Many rivers erode sediments from the delta.* *J. The river is depositing sediments on the delta.*

Question 52 – A delta often forms where a river flows into an ocean Question 52 – A delta often forms where a river flows into an ocean. Why do deltas continue to grow indefinitely? *F. The ocean weathers away the soil on the delta. * *G. The ocean is depositing sediments on the delta.* *H. Many rivers erode sediments from the delta.* *J. The river is depositing sediments on the delta.*

Question 53 - The grinding action of glaciers causes . *A. the creation of new landforms* *B. water in the oceans to dry up* *C. flooding around the world* *D. earthquakes in cold places*

Question 53 - The grinding action of glaciers causes . *A. the creation of new landforms* *B. water in the oceans to dry up* *C. flooding around the world* *D. earthquakes in cold places*

Question 54 - As the population of the Earth increases, what might happen to the nonrenewable resources we use now? *F. They may be used up someday.* *G. More will form in the meantime.* *H. New resources will be found.* *J. They will be become more plentiful.*

Question 54 - As the population of the Earth increases, what might happen to the nonrenewable resources we use now? *F. They may be used up someday.* *G. More will form in the meantime.* *H. New resources will be found.* *J. They will be become more plentiful.*

Question 55 – What tool would be used to observe tiny objects more closely?

Question 55 – What tool would be used to observe tiny objects more closely?

Question 56 – Landforms, such as canyons and mountains, result from — *F. destructive forces such as volcanoes and weathering* *G. constructive forces such as deposition and building* *H. A combination of constructive and destructive forces* *J. a combination of weathering, erosion, and deposition*

Question 56 – Landforms, such as canyons and mountains, result from — *F. destructive forces such as volcanoes and weathering* *G. constructive forces such as deposition and building* *H. A combination of constructive and destructive forces* *J. a combination of weathering, erosion, and deposition*

Question 57 – The rock pictured below contains many fossils Question 57 – The rock pictured below contains many fossils. This rock is most likely an example of . *A. a sedimentary rock* *C. an igneous rock* *D. a fossil rock* *B. a metamorphic rock*

Question 57 – The rock pictured below contains many fossils Question 57 – The rock pictured below contains many fossils. This rock is most likely an example of . *A. a sedimentary rock* *C. an igneous rock* *D. a fossil rock* *B. a metamorphic rock*

Question 58 - A glacier is like sandpaper because it . *F. presses down on the Earth’s surface* *G. scratches and grinds other materials* *H. collects rocks and soil over the Earth* *J. helps form valleys and mountains*

Question 58 - A glacier is like sandpaper because it . *F. presses down on the Earth’s surface* *G. scratches and grinds other materials* *H. collects rocks and soil over the Earth* *J. helps form valleys and mountains*

Question 59 - Which of these would be the most likely cause of the ground opening in large cracks in a matter of seconds? *A. A long drought* *B. An earthquake* *C. a heavy rain* *D. a large wave*

Question 59 - Which of these would be the most likely cause of the ground opening in large cracks in a matter of seconds? *A. A long drought* *B. An earthquake* *C. a heavy rain* *D. a large wave*

Question 60 – Magma deep in Earth expands and is forced out the opening of a volcano. As the rock cools, it may form which of the following? *F. Glaciers* *G. Rivers* *H. Mountains* *J. Valleys*

Question 60 – Magma deep in Earth expands and is forced out the opening of a volcano. As the rock cools, it may form which of the following? *F. Glaciers* *G. Rivers* *H. Mountains* *J. Valleys*

Question 61 – What is the most important reason that soil is described as a natural resource? *A. Soil provides oxygen for plants. * *B. Soil has dead organisms in it.* *C. Soil absorbs most precipitation.* *D. Most plants need soil for survival. *

Question 61 – What is the most important reason that soil is described as a natural resource? *A. Soil provides oxygen for plants. * *B. Soil has dead organisms in it.* *C. Soil absorbs most precipitation.* *D. Most plants need soil for survival. *

Question 62 – Which of the following is NOT true about glaciers? *F. Melting glaciers supply water for many people.* *G. Most of Earth’s water is in the form of glaciers.* *H. Glacial movements can leave behind valleys.* *J. Glaciers pick up sediments as they move.*

Question 62 – Which of the following is NOT true about glaciers? *F. Melting glaciers supply water for many people.* *G. Most of Earth’s water is in the form of glaciers.* *H. Glacial movements can leave behind valleys.* *J. Glaciers pick up sediments as they move.*

Question 63 - How are an earthquake and a glacier alike? *A. They both cause the Earth to shake violently.* *B. They are both destructive forces that work very quickly.* *C. They both change the surface of the Earth.* *D. They are both caused by movements of crustal plates.*

Question 63 - How are an earthquake and a glacier alike? *A. They both cause the Earth to shake violently.* *B. They are both destructive forces that work very quickly.* *C. They both change the surface of the Earth.* *D. They are both caused by movements of crustal plates.*

Question 64 - What causes earthquakes, volcanoes and uplift of Earth's surface? *F. The pull of gravity from the sun and the moon* *G. Movements in the Earth’s crust* *H. Explosion in the Earth’s core* *J. New rocks forming on Earth’s surface*

Question 64 - What causes earthquakes, volcanoes and uplift of Earth's surface? *F. The pull of gravity from the sun and the moon* *G. Movements in the Earth’s crust* *H. Explosion in the Earth’s core* *J. New rocks forming on Earth’s surface*

Question 65 – The Colorado River has helped to form the Grand Canyon Question 65 – The Colorado River has helped to form the Grand Canyon. Which natural process does the river most directly cause? *A. Uplift * *B. Erosion * *C. Earthquakes * *D. Glaciers *

Question 65 – The Colorado River has helped to form the Grand Canyon Question 65 – The Colorado River has helped to form the Grand Canyon. Which natural process does the river most directly cause? *A. Uplift * *B. Erosion * *C. Earthquakes * *D. Glaciers *

Question 66 – All of the following forces can change the Earth’s surface EXCEPT — *F. reflection* *G. erosion* *H. deposition* *J. weathering*

Question 66 – All of the following forces can change the Earth’s surface EXCEPT — *F. reflection* *G. erosion* *H. deposition* *J. weathering*

Question 67 - When water enters a crack in a rock and then freezes, what might possibly happen to the rock? *A. The rock will get harder due to the ice.* *B. The rock might change to an igneous rock.* *C. The crack might get larger and split the rock.* *D. The crack might be filled with water and ice.*

Question 67 - When water enters a crack in a rock and then freezes, what might possibly happen to the rock? *A. The rock will get harder due to the ice.* *B. The rock might change to an igneous rock.* *C. The crack might get larger and split the rock.* *D. The crack might be filled with water and ice.*

Question 68 - A student conducted an investigation to see how glaciers work. The experiment analyzed the effects on a rock of a plain ice cube and an ice cube containing sand. What effect did the sandy ice cube have on the rock? *F. The sandy ice cube did not change the rock in any way.* *G. The sandy ice cube created a valley on top of the rock.* *H. The sandy ice cube melted faster than the plain one.* *J. The sandy ice cube scratched the rock like a glacier does.*

Question 68 - A student conducted an investigation to see how glaciers work. The experiment analyzed the effects on a rock of a plain ice cube and an ice cube containing sand. What effect did the sandy ice cube have on the rock? *F. The sandy ice cube did not change the rock in any way.* *G. The sandy ice cube created a valley on top of the rock.* *H. The sandy ice cube melted faster than the plain one.* *J. The sandy ice cube scratched the rock like a glacier does.*

Question 69 – As the energy needs for Texas increase, new sources of energy are required to replace or supplement the nonrenewable sources of energy now in use. Two renewable sources of energy that are available in Texas are *F. natural gas and wind power* *G. coal and hydroelectric power* *H. hydroelectric and wind power* *J. oil and solar power*

Question 69 – As the energy needs for Texas increase, new sources of energy are required to replace or supplement the nonrenewable sources of energy now in use. Two renewable sources of energy that are available in Texas are *F. natural gas and wind power* *G. coal and hydroelectric power* *H. hydroelectric and wind power* *J. oil and solar power*

Question 70 – The presence of an animal fossil in a rock gives evidence of — *F. what hunting behaviors the animal used* *G. how many offspring the animal had* *H. exactly when the animal was born* *J. the time period in which the animal lived*

Question 70 – The presence of an animal fossil in a rock gives evidence of — *F. what hunting behaviors the animal used* *G. how many offspring the animal had* *H. exactly when the animal was born* *J. the time period in which the animal lived*

Question 71 – Layer A in the diagram probably formed in an ocean Question 71 – Layer A in the diagram probably formed in an ocean. Which of these is the best clue that layer A formed in an ocean? *A. The thickness of the layer* *B. The type of fossils in the layer* *C. The position of the layer* *D. The density of the layer*

Question 71 – Layer A in the diagram probably formed in an ocean Question 71 – Layer A in the diagram probably formed in an ocean. Which of these is the best clue that layer A formed in an ocean? *A. The thickness of the layer* *B. The type of fossils in the layer* *C. The position of the layer* *D. The density of the layer*

Question 72 - is the melted rock that comes out of a volcano. *F. Magnet* *G. Granite* *H. Marble* *J. Magma*

Question 72 - is the melted rock that comes out of a volcano. *F. Magnet* *G. Granite* *H. Marble* *J. Magma*

Question 73 - The process of breaking up rocks on Earth’s surface is called . *A. weathering* *B. erosion* *C. deposition* *D. condensing*

Question 73 - The process of breaking up rocks on Earth’s surface is called . *A. weathering* *B. erosion* *C. deposition* *D. condensing*

Question 74 – Which of these can be mined from Earth and used as an energy source? *F. Coal* *G. Gravel* *H. Granite* *J. Limestone*

Question 74 – Which of these can be mined from Earth and used as an energy source? *F. Coal* *G. Gravel* *H. Granite* *J. Limestone*

Question 75 – Which statement below is an observation? *A. A particular rock is smooth because of moving water.* *B. A particular rock has a rough, dark surface.* *C. A particular rock was deposited by the wind.* *D. A particular rock is 1,000 years old.*

Question 75 – Which statement below is an observation? *A. A particular rock is smooth because of moving water.* *B. A particular rock has a rough, dark surface.* *C. A particular rock was deposited by the wind.* *D. A particular rock is 1,000 years old.*

Question 76 – Which of the following can cause erosion? *F. Falling leaves* *G. Flowing water* *H. Growing grass* *J. Rising temperatures*

Question 76 – Which of the following can cause erosion? *F. Falling leaves* *G. Flowing water* *H. Growing grass* *J. Rising temperatures*

Question 77 – Which of the following landforms are caused MOSTLY by deposition? *A. Deltas and dunes* *B. Valleys and canyons* *C. Mountains and deltas* *D. Dunes and icebergs*

Question 77 – Which of the following landforms are caused MOSTLY by deposition? *A. Deltas and dunes* *B. Valleys and canyons* *C. Mountains and deltas* *D. Dunes and icebergs*

Question 78 - The process by which rocks and soil are carried away to other places by wind, water, or other means is called . *F. evaporation* *G. erosion* *H. respiration* *J. transpiration*

Question 78 - The process by which rocks and soil are carried away to other places by wind, water, or other means is called . *F. evaporation* *G. erosion* *H. respiration* *J. transpiration*

Question 79 - To find out which soil absorbs moisture BEST, each container shown below must— *A. contain a different type of soil* *B. have soil from the same location* *C. be tested by the same person* *D. contain different amounts of soil*

Question 79 - To find out which soil absorbs moisture BEST, each container shown below must— *A. contain a different type of soil* *B. have soil from the same location* *C. be tested by the same person* *D. contain different amounts of soil*

Question 80 – Which BEST explains how soil is formed? *F. Farmers add fertilizer to dirt, making new soil.* *G. Plants die and decay, making new soil.* *H. Rocks are weathered, making new soil.* *J. Soil gets used up, making the land a desert.*

Question 80 – Which BEST explains how soil is formed? *F. Farmers add fertilizer to dirt, making new soil.* *G. Plants die and decay, making new soil.* *H. Rocks are weathered, making new soil.* *J. Soil gets used up, making the land a desert.*