World War I World War II The Cold War Unit 6 Crash Course World War I World War II The Cold War

World at Peace Negotiations like the Berlin Conference in late 1800s kept European countries out of war for 2 decades* *Mostly-Wars within Europe did not occur, but some took place with European powers abroad.

Beneath the Surface Relationships begin to break down: competing for resources and markets (imperialism) building up weapons/soldiers (militarism) political leaders appeal to national identity to gain support (nationalism)

Beneath the Surface Nations fear each other, begin promising protection to each other (alliances) Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy Triple Entente: Britain, France, Russia

The Burst Austria-Hungary controlled Serbia (Former part of Ottoman Empire) Francis Ferdinand is heir to throne in Austria-Hungary assassinated in Serbia by the Black Hand, a Serbian nationalist group Russia is allied with Serbia, declares war on Austria-Hungary

The Great War New technology improved weapons (tanks, flamethrowers, poison gas, machine guns) tactics DO NOT adapt with technology gaining land nearly impossible war becomes a stalemate (no one can win)

Changing Players Problems in Russia force it to withdraw in 1917 (Unit 4-Russian Revolution) Germany attacks US citizens, US enters war in 1917 new troops give Allies advantage war ends 1918

The Fall-out The Treaty of Versailles officially ends WWI Germany becomes Weimar Republic-government where people could vote, instead of mix of monarchy and democracy, which it was prior to war. Germany blamed for war Reduction in army to 200,000 Must pay back war damages

The Depression Germany faces problems after WWI debt cannot be repaid government and economy unstable currency becomes worthless, used for fuel rather than buying firewood Germans resent Allied powers for Treaty of Versailles

Changes around the World Russia ends monarchy, taken over by Bolsheviks Create Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR or Soviet Union) communist state founded by Vladimir Lenin Joseph Stalin becomes dictator Conflict in China births Chinese Communist Party Conflict in Italy brings Benito Mussolini to power, dictator

Changes in Germany Depression creates desperation in Germany Political instability has groups competing for power National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi) comes to power under Adolph Hitler appeals to German identity (Aryans) blames others, especially Jews, for problems created in WWI promises return to power for Germany emphasizes role of women as mothers

Taking Territory Japan begins taking land in China seeks resources Italy takes over Ethiopia Germany invades rhineland, Austria, Czechoslovakia (forbidden by Treaty of Versailles)

Appeasement Civilians and politicians remember World War I, want to avoid conflict Appeasement allowed Japan, Italy, and Germany to take land in hopes of avoiding future conflict Policy promoted by Britain

World War II begins Germany invades Poland in September 1939 France and Britain declare war France is taken by Germany blitzkrieg (fast movement of troops) grants many victories to Germany US has no direct involvement, supplies arms to Britain, refuses to sell iron to Japan

US enters Japan attacks Pearl Harbor Dec. 7, 1941 over 2,000 die US declares war in Japan and allies (Germany)

A two front war Europe Britain, Soviet Union, US, others fight Nazis/Italy The Pacific US, China, Australia, Philippines and others fight Japanese

The Holocaust Part 1 Hitler blamed Jews for issues in Germany Laws targeting Jews began in 1935 limits on where people can work, live, marriage many Jews leave German territory, other countries eventually stop taking in refugees Nazis begin genocide (extermination of a race) roughly 6 million jews die

The Holocaust Part 2 Other individuals targeted by the Holocaust The Roma LGBTQA Individuals Mentally or Physically Disabled Political Activists Places People were sent/What they faced Work Camps Death Camps Experimentation / Torture

Ending the European Theater Allies (Britain, US, USSR) invade France at Normandy, begin to push Germany out Hitler commits suicide Germany surrenders May 1945

Ending the Pacific Theater Allies (US and others) push Japan out of controlled territory kamikazes (suicide pilots) continue to fight US develops atomic weaponry, attacks Japanese cities of military and civilian importance Hiroshima: 60-80,000 die Nagasaki: 70,000 die Japan surrenders September 1945

A World After War US only major power not directly damaged by fighting Japan/Europe: cities must be rebuilt, economies restored Allied powers occupy former axis nations US occupies Japan, begins work on new government US, Britain, France, and USSR occupy Germany United Nations created to maintain peace

A World After War Allies fought a war to stop one group taking land from another colonies helped...double standard, continuation of imperialism of the 1800s independence gained slowly in different regions

Differing Views The Soviet Union is a socialist/communist state US is a capitalist state Ideas are mutually exclusive, each seeks to gain influence to protect their way of life

The Cold War US and Soviet Union do not want actual fighting (a “hot” war) both sides have atomic weapons, “mutually assured destruction” Soviet Union seeks to expand US want to “contain” communism to where it exists each fight by proxy with other countries

The New World Order (East vs West) Division of Germany (East and West) reflect power shift in Cold War Berlin Wall (East/West Berlin) visual representation Three “worlds” emerge First world: US and NATO allies Second world: USSR and Warsaw Pact allies Third world: haven’t chosen a side, often former colonies.

Fighting a Cold War Both sides seek to influence others Soviet Union: Aids Chinese Communist Party, who take China in 1949 Communists control North Korea, invade south Communists take north Vietnam, invade south Communist revolution in Cuba

Fighting a Cold War Both sides seek to influence others The US: Commits troops to Korea and Vietnam Supports “freedom fighters” in Cuba, Afghanistan

“Fighting” a Cold War Both sides seek to prove they are better Technology US and USSR develop space technology, space race USSR gets to space first US gets to moon first Europe develops weapons as well Sports Athletics become venue for nationalism see “miracle” or “rock IV”

Ending the Cold War Stalin dies, outside influence is allowed in Soviet economy struggles, US grows USSR allows some market influence Lithuania declares independence, others follow Resistance movements had taken place throughout Eastern Europe from 1950s-1980s Soviet Union collapses in 1991 Berlin wall World after Cold War...