Synovial JOINTS AND MOVEMENT

Synovial Joint Starter- Complete the joint work sheet. Learning Intention: Be able to identify structures of a synovial joint and how they help to prevent injury.

1 / 2 3 4 / 5 6 / 7 8 / 9 U D C B A A* I have no idea about the different joints in the body. I am able to identify the name of the joints in the hip and shoulder, elbow and knee. I am able to describe the movement found at each joint I am able to explain when you would find each example in my sport. I can apply this to a sporting example and I am able to answer exam questions on this.

Types of Joints Ball and Socket Hinge Joints At the elbow, hip, knee Movement at the joint: Rotation Abduction Adduction Flexion Extension Hinge Joints Movement at the joint: Flexion Extension Dorsiflexion Plantarflexion At the elbow, hip, knee At the ankle joint You must be able to define the two types joints and locate them on the body. You will also need to apply them to sporting actions

Movements of synovial joints Flexion: Movement where the angle between bones reduces. Extension: Movement where the angle between bones increases. Abduction: Movement where the limbs are moved away from the body. Adduction: Movement where the limbs are moved back towards the body. Rotation: Turning a limb along its long axis. Plantar flexion: Movement at ankle where the toes are pointed towards the ground. (Plantar- P for pointing) Dorsiflexion: Movement at the ankle where the toes are pulled up towards the knee. You must be able to know/explain the seven different types of movement. q

Activity Using the Sheets provided around the classroom, read and write down the information for each specific area.

The head-neck joint There is a joint where the neck meets the head. The bones in the neck are the vertebrae, and the cranium. The joint allows a person to nod their head.

The elbow joint The elbow joint is a complex hinge joint. The humerus, radius and ulna form the elbow joint. Several ligaments surround to maintain stability. The movement that occurs at the elbow joint is flexion (bend) and extension (straighten). Sporting example Extension of elbow when shooting in basketball, when pushing the ball. Can you give your own? This joint can be moved in the following ways: Flexion Extension

The shoulder joint The shoulder joint is a ball and socket joint. It has the greatest range of motion of any joint in the body. Only the ball and socket can move forwards/backwards, side to side and rotate. The movement that occurs at the joint: Flexion/Extension (moves forward and backwards) Abduction/Adduction (moves away to the side of the body and back again) Rotation (turn your thumb in towards centre of the body or away from centre of the body) This joint can be moved in the following ways: Flexion/Extension Abduction/Adduction Rotation Sporting Example Discus thrower (flexion/extension of shoulder).

Chest joint When breathing the chest cavity changes size because of the action of the breathing muscles. To allow that movement to happen there are joints between the ribs and the sternum, and the ribs and the vertebrae. We will be progressing onto cardiorespiratory system later in the unit, which will further explain movement. Not included in the students activity when moving around the classroom.

The hip joint This joint can be moved in the following ways: Flexion The hip joint is formed where the femur meets the pelvis. The head of the femur fits into the depression in the pelvis called the acetabulum and forms the ball and socket joint, which allows movement in different directions. The main movement that occurs is flexion (leg moves forward) and extension (leg moving back to standing position). Sporting example Flexion of the hip when the leg moves forward to kick a football. Can you give your own? This joint can be moved in the following ways: Flexion Extension

The knee joint This joint can be moved in the following ways: Flexion The femur and tibia form the knee joint. The patella lies in front and aids with efficiency of movement. The meniscus is a tough, rubbery cartilage that acts as a shock absorber. Cruciate ligaments attach tibia to femur in the knee joint. The knee is a hinge joint. The movement that occurs is flexion (bend) and extension (straighten). Sporting example Flexion and then extension of the knee when jumping to perform a slam dunk in basketball. Can you give your own? This joint can be moved in the following ways: Flexion Extension

The ankle joint The ankle joint is form by the lower leg bones – tibia and fibula – and the talus bone in the foot. The ankle joint is a hinge joint, which allows for two main movements: Plantar flexion – toes point downwards Dorsiflexion – toes point upwards Sporting example Plantar flexion of the ankle when performing a jump shot in basketball. Can you give your own? This joint can be moved in the following ways: Plantar Flexion Dorsiflexion

1 / 2 3 4 / 5 6 / 7 8 / 9 U D C B A A* I have no idea about the different joints in the body. I am able to identify the name of the joints in the hip and shoulder, elbow and knee. I am able to describe the movement found at each joint I am able to explain when you would find each example in my sport. I can apply this to a sporting example and I am able to answer exam questions on this.

How much can you remember? Exam Questions: Write down three different locations of joints. 3 marks Explain what part of a synovial joint provide support to stabilise the joint. 2 marks What is the functions of tendons? 1 mark Explain what is meant by extension. (2) Extension questions Explain how different parts of the a synovial joint help it to move freely. Describe the 5 possible movements that occur at the shoulder. (3 marks) Pick a joint and state/explain the movements found. You must be able locate 5 key joints on the skeleton. You will also need to apply them to sporting actions and refer to the correct movement created.

Answers Neck, Shoulder, Elbow, Chest, Hip, Knee and/or Ankle Joint. Ligament: connects bone to bone at the synovial joint; Tendons connect muscle to bone. 4. Award up to two marks for correctly explaining what extension is: The increasing of an angle/between two bones, A joint which is straightened so that one of the bones of the joint moves/away from the other, The action of opening/ a joint. Extension Questions: Synovial fluid, synovial membrane Flexion/extension, abduction/adduction and rotation Knee joint: Flexion/extension of the knee joint. An example of this is within football, where he/she can extend her knee to provide power and kick the ball.