Susan Hartman Richard Lampitt & others NOC PAP-SO Pelagic SA 5.1 Susan Hartman Richard Lampitt & others NOC General Assembly 2017 Vilanova i la Geltrú, Spain; 27 – 29 June 2017

Automated time series observations Benthic 4800m 30m 1000m 4000m sediment trap Met Buoy & 1m 30m sensors PAP-SO is in the inter-gyre Northeast Atlantic (49∘ N, 16.5∘ W; water depth ~ 4800 m) PAP site benthic & sediment trap work since 1980s. Mooring from 2003. Inter-gyre of SPG & STG.

30m : T, S, O2 NO3, PO4, pH, CO2 light, Chl-a SA 5.1 PAP Pelagic Buoy since 2003, UKMO buoy 2010 30m : T, S, O2 NO3, PO4, pH, CO2 light, Chl-a Keel: 1m from 2013 T, S, pH & CO2 Co2 twice a day, chl 6 times a day, nitrate, pH, O2 HOURLY PAP-Pelagic: North Atlantic open ocean water column physical and biogeochemical properties with additional derived productivity and CO2 fluxes

Near real time data www.noc.ac.uk/pap Near real time to FixO3 and PAP websites. Annual service/calibration. www.noc.ac.uk/pap

pCO2 data Seasonal cycle shows a winter maximum and summer minimum characteristic of highly productive sub-polar regions Broad seasonal cycle eg: summer to winter increase in CO2 as decrease in T

(with in situ wind speed, and Mace Head atmospheric CO2). Derived CO2 Flux CO2 FLUX to assess the changing capacity for the North Atlantic as a carbon sink. Hartman et al., Biogeosciences 2015 Net CO2 sink: Up to -5.0 ± 2 mmol m−2 d−1 Monthly mean. Inverse T & CO2 relationship. Decrease in CO2 (RED) following bloom. Flux calculated using in situ CO2 , wind speed & atmospheric CO2 from Mace Head. Nightingale k Temperature and CO2 data are used to calculate PAP CO2 flux (with in situ wind speed, and Mace Head atmospheric CO2).

Nutrient data year to year variation in chl and in nutrients. seasonal decrease in nutrients with increase in chl & pH New data! Phosphate

Derived Productivity Aim: to assess trends in the timing and quantity of open ocean productivity 10 year data. Error bars show inter annual variability. Shaded area shows when new production was calculated Changes in mixed layer integrated nitrate at PAP indicating the months over which the seasonal new production was calculated Seasonal New Production at PAP: NO3MLD: 0.37  0.14 mol N m-2 Frigstad et al., Biogeosciences 2015

Web-Links Physical and biogeochemical data noc.ac.uk/pap Hartman et al., Biogeosciences 2015, CO2 flux http://www.biogeosciences.net/12/845/2015/bg-12-845-2015.html Frigstad et al., Biogeosciences 2015, Productivity http://www.biogeosciences-discuss.net/12/5169/2015/bgd-12-5169-2015.html Data on fixO3 and PAP websites. Methods for calculation of CO2 flux in Hartman et al and productivity methods in Frigstad et al.

PAP Benthic Biodiversity This SA includes benthic biology and biodiversity data from PAP from multiple gear types and subsequent data types, which can come together to form one or more biodiversity indicators. Data on fixO3 and PAP websites. Methods for calculation of CO2 flux in Hartman et al and productivity methods in Frigstad et al.

Sample types Megafauna trawl analysis (2011, 2013, 2015-16 samples collected / analysed) 2012, 2014 No trawl possible Megafauna image analysis (2011-15 analysed, 2016 camera flooded) Macrofauna analysis (2011-16, samples collected / sorted / analysed) Foraminifera meiofauna (2011-12 analysed, 2012-2015 samples collected) Prokaryotic bacteria (2011-2017 samples collected) Biodiversity indicator analysis (ongoing) Data on fixO3 and PAP websites. Methods for calculation of CO2 flux in Hartman et al and productivity methods in Frigstad et al.

Macrofauna Ind. cm-2 2014 2015 2016 Data on fixO3 and PAP websites. Methods for calculation of CO2 flux in Hartman et al and productivity methods in Frigstad et al. ME108 Biodiversity indicators   Taxon number (T)* 11 Pielou's evenness (J') 0.69 Shannon's entropy index (H') 1.65 DY032 Biodiversity indicators   Taxon number (T)* 7 Pielou's evenness (J') 0.76 Shannon's entropy index (H') 1.48 DY050 Biodiversity indicators   Taxon number (T)* 10 Pielou's evenness (J') 0.66 Shannon's entropy index (H') 1.51

Body size and biomass text. Celtic Sea data, Bett et al. in prep. MEIO Data on fixO3 and PAP websites. Methods for calculation of CO2 flux in Hartman et al and productivity methods in Frigstad et al. Celtic Sea data, Bett et al. in prep. MEIO MACRO MEGA

Machine vision – classification of megafuana 92% of individuals 95% of individuals

Web links Main station page: www.noc.ac.uk/pap Data links: ftp://ftp.noc.soton.ac.uk/pub/animate/animate_data/pap/benthic/PAP_SA_5.2.xlsx Data on fixO3 and PAP websites. Methods for calculation of CO2 flux in Hartman et al and productivity methods in Frigstad et al.