Evolution and Biodiversity: Origins, Niches, and Adaptations G. Tyler Miller’s Living in the Environment 13th Edition Chapter 5 Dr. Richard Clements Chattanooga State Technical Community College

Key Concepts Origins of life Evolutionary processes Ecological niches Species formation Species extinction

Origins of Life Chemical evolution Biological evolution Fig. 5-2 p. 96; Refer to Fig. 5-4 p. 98

Evolution and Adaptation Macroevolution Microevolution Gene pool Refer to Spotlight p. 99 Mutation Natural selection Gene flow Genetic drift

Natural Selection Differential reproduction Adaptive trait Directional selection Stabilizing selection Diversifying selection Fig. 5-5 p. 101 Coevolution Refer to Fig. 5-6 p. 102

Ecological Niches and Adaptation Fundamental niche Habitat Realized niche Fig. 5-7 p. 104

Broad and Narrow Niches Generalist species Specialist species Refer to Spotlight p. 105

Speciation, Extinction, and Biodiversity Geographic isolation Reproductive isolation Fig. 5-8 p. 105

Extinction Background extinction Mass extinction Adaptive radiation