cartilage NAME : RAIKHAN NAZIRAH BINTi IKHSAN NO.MATRIC : S20911 LECTURER : NURMASTINI SUFINA BUJANG

cartilage a flexible but strong supportive connective tissue Connective tissue-Is avascular, lack blood vessel contains a gelatinous ground substance- chondroitin sulfate Embedded within the ground substance collagen and elastic protein fibers

There are three types of cartilage: Hyaline - most common, found in the ribs, nose, larynx, trachea. Is a precursor of bone Fibro- is found in intervertebral discs, joint capsules, ligaments Elastic - is found in the external ear, epiglottis and larynx

KNEE JOINTS

Hyaline cartilage as supportive tissues in the nose, ears, trachea, larynx, and smaller respiratory tubes Articular cartilage, Covering the surface of bones in synovial joints costal cartilages where ribs attach to the sternum and is the precursor to bone in embryonic skeleton

Protein fiber are large and dominantly collagen appears as a very uniform, glossy type tissue with evenly dispersed chondrocytes in lacunae. perichondrium is found around hyaline cartilage. Look slightly like bisophilic (cytoplasm that are stained purplish blue by Heamotoxylin the weakest among the cartilage

HYaLINE CARTILAGE STRUCTURE

perichondrium a layer of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the cartilage of developing bone

Elastic cartilage found in the pharyngotympanic tubes, epiglottis, and ear lobes Has greater quantity of visible dark-staining elastic fibers embedded in ground substance. Perichondrium is also found around elastic cartilage the chondrocytes are found in a threadlike network of elastic fiber within the matrix

lacunae lacuna is a small space containing an osteocyte in bone and chondrocyte in cartilage

ELASTIC CARTILAGE STRUTURE

fibrocartilage The strongest amongst the cartilages has alternating layers of hyaline cartilage matrix and thick layers of dense collagen fiber a transitional layer between hyaline cartilage and tendon or ligament contains fine collagen fibers arranged in layered spongy architecture with gaps between lacunae and collagen fiber

FIBROCARTILAGE STRUCTURE

Lacunae in rib

Articular cartilage

Synovial cartilage

Epiglottis cartilage

trachea

Larynx

Costal cartilage

pharyngotympanic

Invertebral discs

ligament

cilia

Pubic symphysis

thorax

Uses of cartilage Reduces friction Act as shock-absorbing tissues perform the functions of bone(larynx) Take place of the bones eg. Nose and eyelid Expand and contract the size of thorax Support rough artery Act as a glue-joining the bones of the pubis [symphysis pubica

forms cartilaginous ligament hold up the cilia or hairs of the eyelids

references http://vesalius.northwestern.edu/chapters/ FA.1.02.html http://www.histology.leeds.ac.uk/bone/carti lage_types.php http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/ap/histology_ mh/cartilag.html