Where did our food crops originate?

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Presentation transcript:

Where did our food crops originate?

Why Biodiversity matters: Germplasm: all the genetic diversity contained in a species of plant, especially crops plants and those we use for human and animal food, and fiber Maize Wheat Chick Peas Citrus

Traits commonly being bred for in many crops, all over the world Increased yield Drought resistance Resistance to pests Insects, disease organisms, nematodes Aluminum toxicity (wheat in OK) Decreasing time to maturity Increased nutrient value Milling and baking quality (wheat) Ease of harvest Shorter stalks (less straw and more grain) Taste Ability to ship fruits with out bruising Uniformity of ripening Ability of fruits to be stored

Germplasm preservation insures we will have food crops in the future. Without germplasm, humans cannot modify food crops to meet new environmental challenges. Plant improvement (plant breeding) is a continuing process. Plant breeders improve food crops by artificial selection. This is known as traditional breeding, and has been happening from the beginnings of agriculture some 10-12k years ago.

Seed bank: A facility that stores seeds to preserve germplasm.

Germplasm Centers, World and USA USDA-ARS

GRIN: Germplasm Resource Information Network USDA-Agricultural Research Service http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/ National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation USDA-Agricultural Research Service Fort Collins, CO http://www.ars.usda.gov/main/site_main.htm?modecode=30-12-05-00