Mobile Phone Partnership Initiative (MPPI) Presentation : Background Why Mobile Phones Goal of the MPPI Mobile Phones: Facts Mobile phones in the world Worldwide WEEE Problem? MPPI Partners / Observers MPPI Working Structure MPPI Work Program 2003 – 06 MPPI Products MPPI Work Program 2007 – 09 Benefits of MPPI MPPI Hot Issues TBM Lessons Learned Prerequisite for Success Marco Buletti Federal Office for the Environment FOEN / Switzerland Chair, Mobile Phone Working Group MPWG

Background Swiss Initiative as a pilot Public Private Partnership project – launched in 2002 Initiative is based on Basel’s Declaration on ESM First Public/Private Partnership in the framework of the Basel Convention Includes manufacturers, telecom operators, plus other stakeholders: Parties, Signatories, BCRCs, refurbishers, recyclers, associations and NGOs

Why Mobile Phones People in all countries can relate to this product -> high visibility. Technology has global application and rapidly increasing markets. Mobile Phones means access to information and information exchange. Mobile phones have a short lifespan. Main markets for used/second hand mobile phones are in developing countries and in countries with economies in transition. Transboundary movements and recovery of used and end-of-life of electronic and electrical equipment is a highly topical issue. Limited number of manufacturers and telecom operators. Experience with collection and treatment systems exists. "Valuable materials can be recovered from end-of-life mobile phones"

Goal of the MPPI “Sustainable and environmentally sound production, use, refurbishment, repair and recycling of mobile phones” Promote sustainable partnership on environmentally sound management of used and end-of-life mobile phones. Promote changes in public behaviour. Promote state of the art repair, refurbishment and recycling operations. Implement Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR). Awareness raising and training on environmentally sound management of used and end-of-life mobile phones. Put WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment) on the international an national political agendas. Initiate Pilot project as a learning tool, and basis for possible other partnerships.

Mobile Phones: Facts / 1 Production & Sales Production 2006: 31 Mobile Phones per second Sales 2003: 515 million Mobile Phones Sales 2004: 665 million Mobile Phones Sales 2005: 816 million Mobile Phones Sales 2006 990 million Mobile Phones Subscribers: 1.9 Billion in 2005 > 2.0 Billion in 2007 (estimated) Lifespan Ø: 0.5 – 1.5 years (with first user)

Mobile Phones: Facts / 2 Materials per Mobile Phone Average weight 113 grams Plastics: 58 % Metals: 25 % Ceramics: 16 % Flame retardants: 1 % Precious Metals per Mobile Phone (Source USGS 2005) Copper 16 grams Silver 0.35 grams Gold 0.034 grams Palladium 0.015 grams Platinum 0.00034 grams Value 0.63 US$ per mobile phone Stock worldwide: 500 millions MP = 314 US$ (in drawers)

Mobile Phones in the World Countries with active or pilot mobile phone collection systems Source: GSM Association Source: GSM Association

MPPI Partners* and Observers Manufacturers* Alcatel LG Electronics Matsushita (Panasonic) Mitsubishi Motorola NEC Nokia Philips Samsung Sharp Siemens Sony Ericsson Telecom Operators* France Telecom / Orange Vodafone Bell Canada Others Parties and Signatories* BCRCs* Green NGOs Industry Associations Consumer Organizations Refurbishers Recyclers Manufacturers and Telecom Operators signed a declaration!

MPPI Working Structure Basel Convention (COPs) Mobile Phone Working Group MPWG Secretariat Basel Convention SBC Basel Convention Regional Centers -> !Multipliers! Project Group 2 „Collection and TBM“ (completed its work) Project Group 1 „Refurbishment“ (completed its work) Project Group 3 „Recycling“ (completed its work) Project Group 4 „Awareness on Design“ Phase A Concrete Field Projects and testing of the Guidelines Phase B Workshops Awareness raising Data on TBM

MPPI Work Program 2003 - 2006 -> Work on State of the art Refurbishment of used mobile phones Collection systems for used and end-of-life mobile phones. Transboundary movements (TBM) of collected mobile phones. Environmentally sound practices for material recovery and recycling of end-of-life Mobile phones. Awareness raising on design consideration.

MPPI Products until 2006 / 1 Guidelines (see www.basel.int/industry/mppi.html) Guideline on “Environmentally sound refurbishment” Guideline on “Environmentally sound material recovery & recycling” Guideline on “Awareness raising on design considerations” Guideline on “Effective collection systems” Guideline on “Transboundary Movements” -> All Guidelines finalized are and approved by the MPWG (Mobile Phone Working Group)

MPPI Products until 2006 / 2 Overall Guidance Document on environmentally sound management of used and end-of-life mobile phones (UNEP/CHW.8/2/Add3*) Content: - Introduction - Executive Summaries and Recommendations of all individual guidelines - Glossary of Terms -> Overall Guidance Document provisionally adopted at COP8 BC (available in all 6 UN-languages) Comments to the SBC are welcome

MPPI Products until 2006 / 3 Chairman’s Paper (UNEP/CHW.8INF/6) Chairman’s paper on issues raised during the discussion of the guideline on transboundary movements of used and end-of-life mobile phones Content: - Introduction - Options to address used mobile phones and the broader electronic equipment issue within the Basel Convention - Implication of the options -> Introduced at COP8 BC for discussion at OEWG Meeting 2007 Comments to the SBC are welcome

-> Field projects & testing of the guidelines & awareness MPPI Work Program 2007 -2009 -> Field projects & testing of the guidelines & awareness Projects in individual developing countries and countries with economies in transition Testing of the Refurbishment Guideline Testing of the Material Recovery/Recycling Guideline Testing of the Awareness on Design Considerations Guideline Testing of collection guideline Guidance on evaluation testing and labeling Collect data on TBM Workshops Revisions of the individual guidelines and of the Overall Guidance Document as required .

MPPI Benefits to Parties Confidence: Second-hand (refurbished) phones are of a satisfactory standard with respect to product safety, quality, longevity and environmental performance. Confidence: Local refurbishers and recyclers, respecting the MPPI guideline, follow the best practise: refurbishment of used mobile phones, and materials recovery and recycling of end-of-life mobile phones. Confidence: Exporters and importers (local reprocessors) are aware of the rules and procedures that govern transboundary shipments of used and end-of-life mobile phones. Training and expert advice is available on environmentally sound refurbishment and material recovery practices. Strengthens the role and involvement of the Basel Convention Regional Centres (BCRC) on e-waste issues. It provides support to place WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment) issues on the political agenda (awareness raising).

MPPI Benefits to Consumers Confidence that the new refurbished/second-hand product is of high quality. Confidence (esp. for those in developing countries and countries with economies in transition) that the refurbisher who indirectly provided their new refurbished/second-hand product is taking their Producer Responsibility obligations seriously. Confidence that when they wish to dispose of their used mobile & accessories, that an appropriate system is in place to ensure the safe end-of-life management of their unwanted product.

MPPI Hot Issues / Discussions Product - Non-Product – Waste Waste – Hazardous Waste – Basel Convention Waste Definition of Repair – Refurbishment – Upgrading Controls – Non-controls of Transboundary Movements Implication on the whole WEEE-Discussion (Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment)

Transboundary Movements (TBM) For TBM the MPPI concludes (see Overall Guidance Document) A) End-of-live mobile Phones destined for material recovery and recycling: -> Basel Convention TBM rules apply B) Used mobile phones destined for reuse following repair / refurbishment or upgrading in the importing country Interim approach with two options is proposed: -> Voluntary notification procedure -> Decision tree procedure (Basel Convention Regulations) -> Parties to consider the two options and select the one most appropriate.

Lessons learned / 1 Difficulty in engaging the private sector - there is some reluctance of many companies to be associated with a Convention that includes the phrase “hazardous” in its title. Lack of knowledge / understanding: - from the industrial partners (e.g. about BC regulations) - from the countries (e.g. about the market) - from the industrial and green NGO’s (e.g. fixed positions) Find a way to move forward in a way that it does not create any barriers to such sustainable partnerships, at the same time respect Basel Convention provisions and obligations. Ensure there are adequate resources for: - participation of all countries interested - coordination of activities - editing, translation and printing of approved guidelines - launching concrete pilot projects - organize workshops in different regions to disseminate information on environmentally sound management Slow process – Staying power is mandatory

Lessons learned / 2 Balanced participation important Need to engage more developing countries in the Partnership and meetings. Financing attendance of meetings by developing countries. Getting resources to finance projects is difficult. Always maintain a transparent process. Reaching consensus is not always easy, due to different interest groups. Need to involve all stakeholders from the beginning of the initiative. Finding a dedicated officials to chair project groups. Coordination of activities is very important.

Prerequisite for Success Confidence building among different stakeholders with different agenda. Finances to be secured at start of a partnership. To put in process that takes into consideration a step by step approach. Develop a work program that is flexible, so that activities can be adjusted as you go along. Involve all key stakeholders in discussions, get their support, and build consensus. Provide ample time for input and comments. Meeting and teleconferences are to be well planned (agenda, documents) in advance. Have dedicated people (from key countries and the Secretariat) involved in discussions.

Metal Scrap Collection already existed at Cesar's Time

Additional Information www.basel.int/industry/mppi.html