Cell Division and Asexual Reproduction Life Science – Mr. Hooper – October 2017

Cell Division

Cell Division

Cell Division

Cell DIVISION

Cell Division

The cell cycle The regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo is called the cell cycle. The three stages of the cell cycle are interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis. http://images.tutorvista.com/content/cell-reproduction/cell-cycle.jpeg

INterphase Interphase is the first stage of the cell cycle. Cell grows to its mature size. DNA is copied (replication). The cell prepares for division. The cell spends the majority of its time in interphase.

Mitosis Mitosis is the stage of the cell cycle during which the nucleus divides into two nuclei. Mitosis 1. Prophase 2. Metaphase 3. Anaphase 4. Telophase http://waynesword.palomar.edu/lmexer2.htm

Cytokinesis Cytokinesis is the final stage of the cell cycle. During cytokinesis the cytoplasm divides. Organelles are distributed into each of the new daughter cells. http://imc02.hccs.edu/BiologyLabs/GB1/06CellDivision/06CellDivisionImages/CellDivision_AnimalPlantCytokinesis.png

Mitosis: Prophase Chromatin in the nucleus condenses to form chromosomes. Spindle fibers form and centrioles move to opposite sides of the nucleus. Nuclear membrane breaks down.

Mitosis: Metaphase Double-stranded chromosomes line up in the center of the cell. Each chromosome attaches to a spindle fiber at the centromere.

Mitosis: anaphase The centromeres split. Single chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell. The cell stretches out as opposite ends are pushed apart.

mitosis: Telophase Identical sets of chromosomes assemble at each end of the cell. Chromosomes unravel and return to chromatin. Centrioles and spindle fibers disappear and nuclear membranes reform.

Cell plate formation in plant cells vesicles from Golgi body cell plate forming http://remf.dartmouth.edu/Botanical_TEM/images/08%2055097_2Cplate-1.jpg

Featured Organelle: Centrioles The centrioles are a pair of organelles seen only in dividing animal cells. They assist in the formation of the spindle fibers during mitosis. The centrioles are cylinders made up of nine bundles of three microtubules each. In a centriole pair, each centriole lies at a right angle to the other. http://cnx.org/resources/07b61f1aadb810333c892e861253c047/Figure_04_03_08.jpg

Name that Cell Cycle Stage/Mitotic Phase

Asexual Reproduction Asexual reproduction occurs when a new organism is produced from one parent organism. The new organism is genetically identical to the parent organism. http://www.bonnieplants.com/LearnGrowLibrary/HowtoGrowBonnieVarieties /tabid/128/ID/154/How-to-Grow-Strawberries.aspx

Asexual Reproduction - Vegetative https://bonnieplants.com/wp-content/uploads/strawberry-plant-Illustration-web.jpg

Asexual Reproduction - Vegetative A form of asexual reproduction in plants, in which multicellular structures become detached from the parent plant and develop into new individuals that are genetically identical to the parent plant. Vegetative reproduction in plants does not require seed or spore formation. Bulbs, runners and tubers are all means of vegetative reproduction.

Asexual Reproduction - Fission Bacteria reproduce asexually by fission. DNA is copied and distributed into two identical organisms. http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/biobookmito.html

Asexual Reproduction - Fission 1

Asexual Reproduction - Fission 1: The bacterium before binary fission is when the DNA is tightly coiled. 2: The DNA of the bacterium has replicated. 3: The DNA is pulled to the separate poles of the bacterium as it increases size to prepare for splitting. 4: The growth of a new cell wall begins to separate the bacterium. 5: The new cell wall fully develops, resulting in the complete split of the bacterium. 6: The new daughter cells have tightly coiled DNA, ribosomes, and plasmids

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION - Budding hydra yeast http://www.microscope-microscope.org/gallery/Mark-Simmons/pages/hydra2.htm Budding is a form of asexual reproduction in which a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud on another one. The new organism remains attached as it grows, separating from the parent organism only when it is mature.

REGENERATION

REGENERATION Regeneration – the process that uses cell division to regrow body parts. If organisms such as planarians break into pieces, a whole new organism will grow from each piece. planarians – flat worms

Regeneration - SPONGES Sponges can regenerate lost parts. A piece cut from the body of a sponge is capable of growing into a completely new sponge. Sponges can also reproduce asexually by fragmentation, budding, and the formation of specialized gemmules.

Regeneration – Sea Stars Starfish show bidirectional regeneration. This common starfish (Asterias rubens) is regenerating four of its five arms.

Works Cited Anaphase with blue cytoskeleton. http://biofinity.org/interest.htm. Anaphase plant cell. http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/Resources/Botany/Mitosis/Allium/Anaphase.jpg.html. Bacterial fission TEM. Image 69091JWA from Dennis Kunkel Microscopy, Inc. Binary Fission Diagram. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Binary_Fission.png. Centriole-TEM. http://iws.collin.edu/biopage/faculty/mcculloch/1406/notes/mitosis/Images/Centrioles2%20TEM.JPG Centriole-TEM2. http://iws.collin.edu/biopage/faculty/mcculloch/1406/outlines/chapter%207/centriole2.jpg Fluorescent Purple Vase Sponge. http://www.aquacon.com/sponge.html. Interphase in plant cell. http://med.mui.ac.ir/slide/genetic/genetic3.html. Metaphase. http://www.sciencephoto.com/image/313287/530wm/P6730073-Middle_metaphase_of_mitosis,_LM-SPL.jpg. Onion root meristem-prophase. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mitosis_(261_14)_Pressed;_root_meristem_of_onion_(cells_in_prophase,_anaphase).jpg Onion root tip. http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/10767/enlarge. Onion Root Tip-Large. http://emp.byui.edu/wellerg/Cell%20Division/Instructions/Cell%20Division%20Instructions%2004.html. Planarians. http://www.thewaythefutureblogs.com/2009/05/. PowerPoint prepared by David Hooper – LDMS, 2014; using the sources listed above.

Works Cited Potatoes. http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_JnS8EEWJPqs/TB_H2874u_I/AAAAAAAAAAY/T0G1GDt4LfM/s1600/IMG_1113.JPG. Prophase. http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/Resources/Botany/Mitosis/Allium/Later%20prophase.jpg.html. Rosemary. http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kLH5CP5RPz0/T2adsqxbsTI/AAAAAAAADPg/sFJ8DJXhGG4/s640/rosemary-glass.JPG. Sea star regenerating. http://cdn2.arkive.org/media/C7/C725AC20-4DFF-46CA-BDA9-59371759953C/Presentation.Large/Common-starfish-regenerating-four-of-its-five-arms.jpg Skin Cell Division (TEM). http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/313202/enlarge. Telophase. http://www.sciencephoto.com/image/313292/530wm/P6730078-Early_telophase_of_mitosis,_LM-SPL.jpg. Sponge. http://www.buzzle.com/articles/sponge-facts.html. Strawberry runners. https://beingbelongingbecoming.wordpress.com/. Yeast. http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/Exhibitions/Mushroom /English/Species/sacharomycescereviseae.html PowerPoint prepared by David Hooper – LDMS, 2014; using the sources listed above.