Warm-up *QUIZ* Notes on Respiration AGENDA Warm-up *QUIZ* Notes on Respiration

Photosynthesis QUIZ! Study your notes for 5 minutes  What to know: Complete formula with number of molecules Reactants & Products of Light and Dark Reactions Location of Reactions in the Chloroplast Chloroplast Structures/parts Molecules for energy storage/transfer The Scientists and what they researched

Agenda Photosynthesis Quiz Lecture/Notes on ch.9 Cellular Respiration Card-sort Activity

Objective We will learn the process of cellular respiration: how mitochondria use glucose from the food we eat to make ATP for energy.

Chemical Energy Why do we eat? We need to consume food so we can break it down into usable energy, like glucose. The amount of energy we can get from food is calculated by the amount of calories it contains. A calorie = amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1g of H2O by 1 degree Celsius. You don’t literally “burn” through the glucose in food, your cells slowly release the energy it contains over time. This is measured by your Metabolism.

Mitochondria The site of cellular respiration: Organelle: AKA- powerhouse of the cell Structure: made of 2 membranes (inner and outer)

Respiration Formula Cellular Respiration means to release energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen. Formula: C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6H2O + energy (heat and ATP) + 6CO2

Overview of cycle Glucose + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + energy Mitochondria perform respiration so we get energy, we breathe out carbon dioxide and water.

Chemical Pathways Just like photosynthesis, there are several steps to respiration: 1.) Glycolysis 2.) Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) 3.) Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

2 pyruvic acids produced Glycolysis Occurs in the cytoplasm outside the mitochondria. Glycolysis: the process of breaking 1 molecule of glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid (3 carbon molecule) 2 pyruvic acids produced

Glycolysis is a fast process, it can produce thousands of ATP molecules in milliseconds! This step of respiration does not require oxygen (anaerobic) Because glycolysis is so fast, the cell uses up its available NAD+ quickly, and then ATP production will stop unless more is made.

Krebs Cycle The pyruvic acid made during glycolysis is used to make CO2, NADH, ATP, and FADH2 inside the mitochondria The NAD+ molecule accepts/hold onto electrons as NADH until they are needed for other molecules. Just like the NADP+ used in photosynthesis

Krebs Cycle: AKA- Citric Acid Cycle In the mitochondria matrix, the 3-carbon pyruvic acid releases 3 molecules of CO2 and become Acetyl-CoA (citric acid) Products made: NADH, FADH2, 2 ATP

Electron Transport Chain Remember the ETC in photosynthesis: The ETC uses the high-energy electrons from the Kreb’s Cycle to convert ADP to ATP. High energy electrons come from NADH and FADH2 For prokaryotes the ETC is in the cell membrane 36

The Electron Transport Chain

Respiration Steps

Fermentation When oxygen is not present, glycolysis is followed by fermentation, an anaerobic process. Alcoholic Fermentation: done by yeast in bread. Pyruvic acid + NADH = ethyl alcohol + CO2 + NAD+ Lactic Acid Fermentation: occurs when you’re exercising rapidly and cannot supply your muscles with enough oxygen. Pyruvic acid + NADH = lactic acid + NAD+ Results in muscle soreness

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Think-Pair-Share! What organelle does cell respiration occur in? What are the 3 steps to cell respiration? What happens if there is NO oxygen present for respiration? What are the 2 type of anaerobic fermentation?

One man’s trash is another man’s treasure! The products of photosynthesis are the reactants of respiration. The products of respiration are the reactants of photosynthesis.

Net Results Photosynthesis (chloroplast) = Glucose total: 1 Like “depositing” money into a bank Respiration (mitochondria) = ATP total: 36 Like “withdrawing” money from a bank

Worksheet for Cell Respiration Complete the diagrams and answer the all the questions: Use Respiration picture at end of respiration notes to help complete the diagram.

Vocabulary FAD+ Acetyl-CoA FADH Alcoholic Fermentation Fermentation Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Citric Acid Metabolism Mitochondria Pyruvic Acid Acetyl-CoA Alcoholic Fermentation Anaerobic Aerobic Calorie Cellular Respiration Cristae Ethyl Alcohol

Safari Montage Videos Intro to Cell Respiration Cellular Respiration Respiration in Plants

Pre-Lab Title: Exercise & Cellular Respiration Lab Purpose: To analyze the effect of exercise on cell respiration. Hypothesis: How will exercise affect your bodies production of CO2. Supplies: Beaker, straw, graduated cylinder, bromethymol blue (BTB). Procedure: Part A- (Resting) measure each group member’s CO2 production, breathing rate, and heart rate. Do this for 3 trials, then calculate the resting average. Part B- (Exercising) measure each group member’s CO2 production, breathing rate, and heart rate. Do this after 1 minute of exercise, then after another 2 minutes of exercising. Analysis: Calculate the trial averages for all group members. Answer all of the conclusion questions and turn in. Safety: Do NOT inhale the BTB solution!

Each student in your group CO2 Breathing Heart Rate At the end, get averages

Unit 4 Review Station 1: Card-sort Activity, make a 3x3 square In your notebook: write down what matched up. Station 2: Flash Card review/self quiz In your notebook: write down flashcard and answer. Station 3: Work on Review Packet Due on test day!

Warm-up Complete these 2 Respiration Diagrams in your notes: Glycolysis NADH FADH2 Acetyl-CoA Pyruvate Kreb’s Cycle ETC Pyruvate ATP No O2 Anaerobic Respiration ATP ATP O2 Present Aerobic Respiration Acetyl-CoA Lactic Acid or Ethyl Alcohol Kreb’s Cycle

Photosynthesis & Respiration Fun! Create a 3D visualization of these processes. Make a 12-sided shape complete with organelles, formula, products, reactants, and processes! Follow directions in your packet (last page). DUE at the end of class today! 30pts 

Card-sort Activity Venn Diagram Activity In your group, arrange 9 cards into 3x3 square. Match up vocabulary and definitions! Each person will get a paper, use the terms at the top to fill in the sections for Respiration, Photosynthesis, or both! Use ALL the words, some multiple times! Venn Diagram Activity

Warm-up Fill out the Photosynthesis & Respiration Venn Diagram: Animal Cells Krebs Cycle Acetyl-CoA Glycolysis Lactic Acid Pyruvic Acid Mitochondria FAD+ FADH CO2 Produced O2 Used Heterotrophs Aerobic C6H12O6 Used Cytoplasm Calvin Cycle Light-Dependent Stroma Thylakoid Chloroplast NADPH NADP+ Photons Photophosphorylation Chlorophyll C6H12O6 Produced CO2 Used H2O Used Autotrophs Plant Cells Phosphate ATP Glucose Anaerobic ETC Interdependent

Warm-up Complete the photosynthesis diagram: H2O CO2 Sunlight Light Reactions Dark Reactions ATP NADPH O2 C6H12O6