Ch. 5 Immigration What is immigration? The process of people establishing homes and often citizenship in a country that is not their native (home) country Immigration can be by choice or people might have to immigrate for safety reasons

Behind Canada’s Immigration Policy Class 1

Background Canada is a nation boasting many good qualities. Immigrants continue to choose Canada as the place to build their new homes and lives for many reasons. For example, many immigrants came to Canada in the late 1800s and early 1900s because of a widespread, federally- funded advertising campaign offering free land for homesteading. Class 1

What qualities about Canada do these posters show or suggest to you What qualities about Canada do these posters show or suggest to you? What do you think that these posters would have suggested to immigrants? Poster reads free farms for million in the Dominion of Canada Poster reads “Build your nest in Western Canada” Class 1

                                              Glenbow Archives Poster-25 Class 1

Canada’s Appeal in the Past This campaign and others like it appealed to those seeking land on which they could settle and which they could farm. Immigrants saw the land as a way to create new and bright opportunities for themselves and their families in the new world. Class 1

Today, there are new and different reasons for immigration Today, there are new and different reasons for immigration. These might include a better quality of life, shelter for refugees, or a need for employment. If you were to create an advertising poster for the federal government in order to promote immigration in this day and age, which of Canada’s many qualities would you include? Class 1

Push or Pull Immigrants may have many reasons for leaving their homeland. These push and pull factors may include the following: Economic factors: dealing with decisions based on finances. High unemployment rates may be a factor in making a decision to leave one’s home. Class 1

Political factors: dealing with decisions made by governments Political factors: dealing with decisions made by governments. A government that persecutes a particular group would be an example. Health factors: dealing with decisions based on physical issues such as famine or pollution. Security factors: dealing with decisions based on the need for a feeling of safety. War or gang violence in a nation may be an example. Rights factors: dealing with the opportunity to ensure individual and collective rights such as rights of women, or child labour rights.

Four Categories for People Immigrating to Canada: Refugees: People who are escaping persecution, torture, cruel and unusual punishment, war, and natural disasters Economic Immigrants: Skilled workers and business people; Able to start working right away or soon after they have reached Canada; can contribute to Canada’s economy Family Class: Family members (including spouses, partners, children, parents, grandparents) of people already living in Canada Other: People accepted as immigrants for humanitarian or compassionate reasons

Immigration and Refugee Protection ACT

What is it? Establishes categories of who can come to Canada from other countries and make permanent homes Lays out the objectives of each of those categories

What are the categories?

What are the objectives? Social, Cultural and Economic benefits for all Canadians Respect for the bilingual and multicultural character of Canada Share the benefits of immigration and support a prosperous economy across Canada Reunite Families Promote the successful integration of immigrants into Canadian society, recognizing that integration involves mutual obligations for new immigrants and Canadian society

In your notes, answer the following questions: What are the underlying values reflected in the objectives of the act? What do they reflect about citizenship and identity in Canada?

Aims: Meeting the Needs of Canada’s Workforce How does immigration help to meet those aim’s?

Plans and Priorities Read the article on pg. 168 What are the benefits of immigration according to the source?

Definitions: Demographic: characteristics of a population Labour Force Growth: the growth of the “labour force,” or an increase in the number of people who can work

Canada's Point System Do you make the cut?

Point System Review Do you make the cut? The point system dates from 1967 The point system is part of the criteria Canada uses to decided who to accept as immigrants Applicants must score at least 67 out of 100 It only applies to ECONOMIC IMMIGRANTS! Economic immigrants is the largest category of immigrants to Canada. This category includes skilled workers and professionals Review

Point System What? Do you make the cut? What can you get points for? Education Language abilities Work Experience Age Arranged Employment Adaptability What?

Can you and your family adapt to living in Canada? Point System Adaptability Can you and your family adapt to living in Canada? How can you tell?

Point System How do you add up!

Point System Education Max 25 pts. Language Ability Max 28 pts. Work Experience Max 15 pts. Age Max 12 pts. Employment Max 10 pts. Adaptability Total 100 POINTS! Pass Mark 67 POINTS

education 25 University degree at the Doctoral (PhD) level or equal 25 pts. University degree at the Master’s level or equal OR University level entry-to-practice professional degree (or equal) 23 pts. Two or more Canadian post-secondary degrees or diplomas or equal (at least one must be for a program of at least three years) 22 pts. Canadian post-secondary degree or diploma for a program of three years or longer, or equal 21 pts. Canadian post-secondary degree or diploma for a two-year program, or equal 19 pts. Canadian post-secondary degree or diploma for a one-year program, or equal 15 pts. Canadian high school diploma, or equal 5 pts

Language 28 First Official Language Second Official Language Ability level Speaking Listening Reading Writing HIGH: You can communicate effectively in most social and work situations 6 Moderate Proficiency 5 Basic Proficiency 4 * You may only earn a maximum of 2 points in Basic proficiency No Proficiency Second Official Language High 2 Moderate Basic 1 * You may only earn a maximum of 4 points for basic level skills in your second official language

15 Work Experience 1 year 9 pts. 2-3 years 11 pts. 4-5 years 13 pts. 6 or more years 15 pts.

Age 12 Under 18 18-35 12 36 11 37 10 38 9 39 8 40 7 41 6 42 5 43 4 44 3 45 2 46 1 47 and older

Employment 10 10 Maximum 10 points for 21-49 If And Points You currently work in Canada on a temporary work permit. Your work permit is valid at the time of the permanent resident visa application and at the time the visa is issued. Your employer has made an offer to employ you on an indeterminate basis if the permanent resident visa is issued. 10 You currently work in Canada in a job that is exempt from confirmation by Human Resources and Social Development Canada (HRSDC) under an international agreement or a significant benefit category (for example, an intra-company transferee). Your work permit is valid at the time of your application for a permanent resident visa and at the time the visa is issued. Your employer has made an offer to employ you on an indeterminate basis if your permanent resident visa is issued. You do not currently have a work permit and you do not intend to work in Canada before you have been issued a permanent resident visa. You have a full-time job offer that has been approved by HRSDC. And Your employer has made an offer to give you a permanent job if your permanent resident visa is issued. And You meet all required Canadian licensing or regulatory standards associated with the job. Maximum 10 points for 21-49 Less 2 points for every year over 49 Less 2 points for every year under 21

Adaptability 10 Maximum 10 points Your spouse or partner’s language level  Your spouse or common-law partner has a language level in either English or French at CLB 4 level or higher in all four language abilities (speaking, listening, reading and writing). 5 Your past study OR your spouse/partners past study in Canada You finished at least two academic years of full-time study (in a program at least two years long) at a secondary or post-secondary school in Canada. Your past work in Canada You did at least one year of full-time work in Canada: 10 Your spouse or common-law partner’s past work in Canada Your spouse / partner did at least one year of full-time work in Canada on a valid work permit or while authorized to work in Canada. Arranged Employment in Canada You earned points under Factor 5: Arranged Employment. Relatives in Canada You, or your accompanying spouse or common-law partner, have a relative (parent, grandparent, child, grandchild, child of a parent, sibling, child of a grandparent, aunt or uncle, or grandchild of a parent, niece or nephew) who is residing in Canada and is a Canadian citizen or permanent resident.

+ - Point System Do you make the cut? Why do you think this criteria exists? What are the advantages and disadvantages of a point system like this? + -

Point System Do you make the cut? How would/does a policy like this affect the quality of life of Canadians?

What’s the issue? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EX6h-Ut-ZaE&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=inIC4Sklxrs&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZP9cQelrmc0&feature=related

Health Factors Every potential ECONOMIC immigrant to Canada must provide proof that they are in good health. A person may be refused entry to Canada if: Their condition puts the health of Canadians at risk (ex. contagious disease) Their condition could endanger public safety (ex. an untreated mental health issue) Their health could put “excessive demands” on Canada’s health services (ex. condition with intensive treatment (HIV/AIDS) None of these conditions apply to people entering the country as refugees or family class immigrants.

Do you think there are any other reasons that some one would be denied immigration to Canada?