Bellringer: 12/8 and 12/9 1. Pick up the papers by the door. 2. Take out your Greek People Matching Worksheet. 3. Update your ToC: Page #68: Map – Alexander’s Empire Page #69: Notes – Hellenistic Age 4. Write down your HW: We will be reviewing for your Greece test next class. Make sure you come to class prepared to play the review games! Otherwise, you won’t be getting the full benefits of the review.

Agenda: 12/8 and 12/9 1. Bellringer 2. Map Activity – Alexander’s Empire 3. Notes: Hellenistic Age 4. Greece Unit Post-Test 5. Study Guide Spot-Lighting

Map Activity: Alexander’s Empire Using page 130 in your ANCIENT WORLD textbook, complete the map activity. There may be some geographic features that aren’t on the map there; if so, you can look them up on your phone or you can ask Ms. Allen.

Background Information Hellenistic - The blending of Greek cultures with those of Persia, Egypt, and Central Asia following conquests of Alexander the Great. Accomplished through: Best way to encourage cultural exchange is through marriage. Another great way to gain cultural exchange is through trade and education.

Gallery Walk Notes: Hellenistic Age With a partner of your choosing, you will complete today’s notes via a gallery walk. Around the room, papers have been put up that contain the information you need to fill in your notes for today. Travel to each paper and complete the notes. As you are reading each paper, try to summarize what you think are the important events as you are answer the questions in your notes. You should NOT need to write every word on the papers in your answers.

Hellenistic Art/Sculpture: Hellenistic sculpture = moved away from focus on harmony and idealized forms (at the heart of Greek – or Hellenic – sculpture) to more realistic works Topic of most sculptures? Ordinary people in everyday situations Greek sculpture began to move away from harmonic balance and idealized forms to more realistic and emotional works The sculpture of the time portrayed ordinary people in everyday situations.

Example: The Colossus of Rhodes One of the most famous sculptures of this age was the Colossus of Rhodes. It stood more than 100 feet high and legend said it straddled the harbor entrance. The Colossus was toppled by an earthquake in 225 B.C.E. and the bronze was sold for scrap

Example: Winged Victory of Samothrace The “Winged Victory” was discovered by an archeologist in 1863. This bronze statue commemorated a naval victory by the Greeks against the people who enslaved them.

Hellenistic Architecture Primarily focused on constructing public spaces, temples EXAMPLE: Stoas = porticos to define spaces as public Would surround an agora (public space) Similar elements to Greek architecture in many respects: Columns, temples, etc. Hellenistic architecture, in a manner similar to Hellenistic sculpture, focuses on theatricality, drama, and the experience of the viewer. Public spaces and temples were created with the people in mind, and so were built on a new, monumental scale. Stoas are colonnaded porticos used to define public space and protect patrons from the elements. Stoas are often found around a city's agora, and turn the city's central place for civic, administrative, and market elements into a grand space. The Temple of Apollo at Didyma was an oracle site with an ambitious building plan that was never completed. Its plan consisted of a double colonnade of massively tall columns that engulfed the viewer in dark corridors before opening into a bright courtyard and the shrine to the god. The Corinthian order, developed during the Classical period, witnessed increased popularity during the Hellenistic period. The columnar style of the order is similar in many ways to the Ionic order except for the column's capital, which is vegetal and lush. A double layer of acanthus leaves line the basket from which stylized tendrils and volutes emerge.

Hellenistic Philosophy 1. Cynicism Rejected ideas of pleasure, wealth, social responsibility People should live according to nature Withdraw from society and become a “wanderer” (homeless) Cynicism- rejected the ideas of pleasure, wealth, and social responsibility. Instead, they should live according to nature. Withdrew from society. Many gave away possessions and became vagrants or wanderers. They were like homeless people in today’s society. Epicureans- sought out pleasure, developed close friendships with those that shared similar beliefs Pleasure- Good Pain- Bad or Evil Stoicism- placed emphasis on reason, self-discipline, emotional control, and personal morality. Zeno- founded the school of philosophy of Stoicism that taught that a divine power controlled the universe. They proposed that people should live a virtuous life in harmony with nature. This philosophy also promoted social unity. Epicurus founded the school of thought called Epicureanism that taught that the universe was composed of atoms and ruled by gods who had no interest in humans. He believed that the only real objects were those that came from virtuous acts and the absence of pain. One should pursue pleasure in moderation.

Hellenistic Philosophy 2. Epicureanism Believed the gods had no interest in people Goal is to find happiness, harmony One should seek out pleasure, but in relative moderation Feeling pleasure = you’re doing something good Feeling pain = you’re doing something bad Cynicism- rejected the ideas of pleasure, wealth, and social responsibility. Instead, they should live according to nature. Withdrew from society. Many gave away possessions and became vagrants or wanderers. They were like homeless people in today’s society. Epicureans- sought out pleasure, developed close friendships with those that shared similar beliefs Pleasure- Good Pain- Bad or Evil Stoicism- placed emphasis on reason, self-discipline, emotional control, and personal morality. Zeno- founded the school of philosophy of Stoicism that taught that a divine power controlled the universe. They proposed that people should live a virtuous life in harmony with nature. This philosophy also promoted social unity. Epicurus founded the school of thought called Epicureanism that taught that the universe was composed of atoms and ruled by gods who had no interest in humans. He believed that the only real objects were those that came from virtuous acts and the absence of pain. One should pursue pleasure in moderation.

Hellenistic Philosophy 3. Stoicism Emphasis on reason, self-discipline, control, morality Don’t let your emotions rule you! Must live a virtuous, rule-following life Cynicism- rejected the ideas of pleasure, wealth, and social responsibility. Instead, they should live according to nature. Withdrew from society. Many gave away possessions and became vagrants or wanderers. They were like homeless people in today’s society. Epicureans- sought out pleasure, developed close friendships with those that shared similar beliefs Pleasure- Good Pain- Bad or Evil Stoicism- placed emphasis on reason, self-discipline, emotional control, and personal morality. Zeno- founded the school of philosophy of Stoicism that taught that a divine power controlled the universe. They proposed that people should live a virtuous life in harmony with nature. This philosophy also promoted social unity. Epicurus founded the school of thought called Epicureanism that taught that the universe was composed of atoms and ruled by gods who had no interest in humans. He believed that the only real objects were those that came from virtuous acts and the absence of pain. One should pursue pleasure in moderation.

Hellenistic Science/Math Hellenistic scholars preserved Greek and Egyptian learning in the sciences. 1. Archimedes accurately calculated value of pi explained the law of the lever invented compound pulley/Archimedes screw Law of buoyancy

Hellenistic Science/Math 2. Aristarchus – came up with concept of heliocentric universe Also estimated the sun was 300x the size of the earth 3. Eratosthenes – calculated the circumference of the earth at 24,662 miles (he was only about 200 miles off) Eratosthenes, director of the Alexandrian Library, used geometry to calculate the circumference of the earth at 24,662 miles. The actual modern calculation with today’s tools measure Earth’s circumference at 24,860 miles.