Test – Wednesday – November 29, 2012 Chapter 6 Review Test – Wednesday – November 29, 2012

Define Patriots Those Americans who were willing to fight the British to gain their independence and freedom

Define Loyalists Americans who wanted to remain part of the British empire and did not believe unfair taxes were reason for war

Define Tories Another name for British loyalists

Define Neutral Not taking sides in a conflict

Define Mercenary Hired soldiers, such as the Hessians for the British

Define Guerilla Warfare Technique of hit-and-run ambushes so that the enemy does not know where they are being attacked from

Define Privateers Merchant ships used for war purposes by the Patriots

Define Ratify To approve

Identify Thomas Paine Author of Common Sense which convinced Americans to support the war for independence AND wrote The American Crisis to encourage the Patriots to continue the fight until it was won

Identify Nathan Hale Patriot who disguised himself as a teacher to spy on the British “I regret that I have but one life to give…”

Identify George Washington Commanding General of the Continental Army

Identify William Howe British General who sieged Philadelphia, the American capital, in 1777

Identify Marquis de Lafayette French nobleman, and trusted advisor of George Washington

Identify Friedrich von Steuben Prussian army officer who would train the Continental Army at Valley Forge

Identify Lemuel Hayes African American “minuteman” of Massachusetts Joined and fought in the Continental Army

Identify Hessians Mercenary soldiers hired by the British to fight the Patriots

Identify American Capital Philadelphia Sieged by the British under General William Howe in September 1777, taken back by Patriots in June 1778

Identify 3 American Delegates at Paris Peace Talks Ben Franklin, John Jay, John Adams

Describe African American participation in the war Enlisted in the Continental Army in every state except South Carolina

Describe Battle of Saratoga Turning point of the war—Patriots forced the surrender of the British and convinced the French to form an alliance with the Americans

Describe Battle of Yorktown Patriot siege to force the surrender of British General Cornwallis; convinced the British the war with the Americans was too costly to continue

Describe Treaty of Paris Ended the American Revolution and granted the Patriots their freedom and independence as a new nation

Describe George Washington’s life after the war Returned to Mount Vernon to be a simple farmer

Short Answer How did Thomas Paine help the Patriots during the Revolutionary War?   He wrote The American Crisis to encourage the Patriots to keep fighting “These are the times that try men’s souls….” George Washington read it aloud to the troops at Valley Forge

Short Answer Where did the British have the most and least support in America? Most Loyalists in the Carolinas and Georgia Least support in New England

Short Answer Which battle convinced the French to support America? Saratoga

Short Answer What were some of the problems that troops faced during the winter at Valley Forge? Exposure, disease, starvation, hopelessness

Short Answer Which battle convinced the British that fighting the Americans was too costly? Yorktown

Short Answer Why was fighting on their own land an advantage for the Patriots? Fighting on their own land was a great advantage—prepared for climate and terrain, use of guerilla warfare, supplies and people did not have to be shipped across the ocean, and willing to die to protect their land

Short Answer What advantage did Patriots have over the British mercenaries? The Patriots were fighting for a cause—their freedom and independence. Whereas the Hessian mercenaries who fought for the British were fighting for money

Short Answer How did women help in the war effort? Take care of men in camp—bandage wounds, cook, clean Fight in their husband’s place if he died in battle

Short Answer Fill in the chart with American & British advantages & disadvantages in the war  Advantages Disadvantages Americans Home field Fighting for a cause George Washington No experience in war Supplies Population No navy British Powerful empire—money, supplies, people Largest army and navy in the world Ship all soldiers and supplies across the ocean Unfamiliar terrain and climate Use of mercenaries