Tenses Vs Modal Auxiliaries Mohammad Tahir Ali Khan

DEFINITION OF TENSES A tense is a form of a verb and it indicates the time of an action

GRAMMETICAL STRUCTURE OF TENSES: Simple Forms Progressive Perfect Present A/V: base form H/V: do/does S/v: is/am/are or has/have A/V: present participle H/V: is/am/are S/v: N/A A/V: past participle H/V: has/have S/v: been or had H/V: has been have been S /v: N/A Past A/V: Past form H/V: did S/v: was/were or had H/V: was/were H/V: had H/V: had been Future H/V: will S/v: be or have N/A

PRESENT TENSES DEFINITION :- A verb used to show that an action takes place at present is said to be in the PRESENT TENSES

PRESENT TENSES PRESENT INDEFINATE PRESENT CONTINOUS PRESENT PERFECT PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS

PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE

USES Every day activities Repeated Action News Paper Headlines Past Short Stories Feelings, Thoughts, believes Habitual Action Permanent Situation Present Constant State etc

EVERY DAY ACTIVITIES EXAMPLES I take break fast 8 o’clock. I go to school

REPEATED ACTION EXAMPLES We play table tennis every Thursday. I watch television most weekand.

NEWS PAPER HEADLINES EXAMPLES Pakistan win final. Bomb blast in Abdullah shah ghazi.

PAST SHORT STORIES EXAMPLES India attack Pakistan in 1956. I visit zoo last time in 2005.

FEELINGS, THOUTHGHTS, BELIEVE EXAMPLES Mathews love sports. I hate quiz programs.

HABITUAL ACTION EXAMPLES I run slowly. He walk early in the morning.

PERMANENT SITUATION EXAMPLES The sun rise in the east. Computer invention is wonder of modern science.

PRESENT CONSTANT STATE etc EXAMPLES The flat is clean. That man is idiot.

PRESENT CONTINOUS DEFINATION If the verb shows an action That is going on in the present Time then it is a continuous tense

USES PRESENT UN FINISHED ACTION PRESENT GOING ON ACTION MIDDLE OF AN ACTION DECIDED FUTURE

PRESENT UN FINISHED ACTION EXAMPLES I am doing an interior designing course. Ali doing his air force training.

PRESENT GOING ON ACTION EXAMPLE She is writing on the blackboard We trying to understanding functional english.

MIDDLE OF AN ACTION EXAMPLES I am stilled writing my home work.

DECIDED FUTURE EXAMPLES I am going university tomorrow. Ali going America next week.

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE DEFINATION If the verb denotes an action Which has been completed then it Is a present tense

USES EXAMPLES She has broken her bicycle The flights have not taken off Has she finished her homework?

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS DEFINATION Present perfect continuous is used for indicate complete action

EXAMPLES It has been raining for two hours. Have they been talking since meeting ended? She has not been working As a designer for 3 years .

PAST TENSE

PAST TENSE A verb used to show that an action was completed in the past is said to be in the past tense

PAST TENSES PAST INDEFINATE PAST CONTINOUS PAST PERFECT PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS

PAST INDEFINATE EXAMPLES Yesterday I saw santa in my dream Ram didn’t go to school because he was sick

PAST CONTINOUS EXAMPLES I was talking to my friend on telephone the thief stole the jewellery .

PAST PERFECT EXAMPLES He had got the batch neat kid of the week yesterday . The train had not left the station before I reached there . Had the teacher finished writing before the principle came.

PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS EXAMPLES This painter had been painting the pictures for last two years . This singer had not been learning music For last one year . Had this man is learning weightlifting For last six years.

FUTURE TENSE

FUTURE TENSE If the verb expresses an action that will be done in the Future ,then it is a future tense .

FUTURE TENSE FUTURE INDEFINATE FUTURE CONTINOUS FUTURE PERFECT

FUTURE INDEFINATE EXAMPLES One day ,I will be the rock star . We will meet soon . Will I be on the top of the world .

FUTURE CONTINUOUS EXAMPLES Ram will be going to his home . Mohan will not be reading, he will be playing . Will teacher be teaching in the class?

FUTURE PREFECT EXAMPLES Meow will have eaten the bird . Sohan will not have finished his homework before mira comes. Will I have finished my song till 9 o’ clock?

Modal Auxiliaries Definition of MODAL AUXILIARY : an auxiliary verb (as can, must, might, may) that is characteristically used with a verb of predication and expresses a modal modification and that in English differs formally from other verbs in lacking -s and - ing forms First Known Use of MODAL AUXILIARY circa 1904

Modal Auxiliaries CAN Could Be able to May Might Must Should Have to

STRUCTURE SIMPLE CONTINUES PERFECT Present Subject + can+ base form Past Subject + could + base form Future Subject +will+ be +able to+ base form Subject+can + be+ present participle Subject + could+be + present participle Subject +have/has+been+ able to+ base form

CAN Use Examples ability to do something In the present (to be able to) I can speak English. permission to do something In the present (to be allowed to) Can I go to the cinema? Request Can you wait a moment, please? offer I can lend you my car till tomorrow. Suggestion Can we visit Grandma at the weekend? Possibility It can get very hot in Arizona.

COULD Use Examples ability to do something In the PAST simple I could walk when I was two. Permission to do something In the Past continues I could be going to the movies when I I was a teenager. polite question Could I go to the cinema, please? polite request Could you wait a moment, please? polite offer I could lend you my car till tomorrow. polite suggestion Could we visit Grandma at the weekend? possibility It could get very hot in Montana.

BE ABLE TO Use Examples ability to do something In the FUTURE simple I will be able to walk . Permission to do something I will be able to go cinema for watch movie .

STRUCTURE SIMPLE CONTINUES PERFECT Present/future Subject + may/might+ base form Past Subject + may/might +have+ past participle Subject+ may/might + be+ present participle Subject + may/might +have+been + present participle

MAY Use Examples Possibility in the present/future. It may rain today. To do something in the past (substitute form: to be allowed to) I May have going to the cinema polite suggestion I May have been helping in the past you

MIGHT Possibility It might rain tomorrow in the present/future. (*less possible than MAY) In the past: (not very common) Might I Might have borrow your pen. or I May have been helping you

STRUCTURE SIMPLE CONTINUES PERFECT Present/future Subject + must/should + base form Past Subject + must/should+have+past prticiple or Subject + had to + base form

MUST Must :(strong obligation to do something) Necessity: must I must go to the supermarket today. Must :(strong obligation to do something) We must talk about it You must have a valid driver’s license. Strong Possibility (95% sure) You’ve been driving for 10 hours. You must be tired.

SHOULD Advice (it’s good – it’s a good idea / not good to do or bad idea) You should exercise. You shouldn’t smoke. Should :( obligation to do something) We should talk about it You should have a valid driver’s license In past She should not have argued in the last class.

STRUCTURE SIMPLE CONTINUES PERFECT Present Subject + have to /has to + base form Past Subject + had to / + base form Future Subject +will+ have to + base form Subject+is/am/are + having to + base form Subject+was/were + having to + base form Subject +have/has+ had to / + base form Subject +had+ had to / + base form

HAVE TO I have to go to the supermarket today. Necessity: have to in present simple/future I have to go to the supermarket today. In present continues I am having to go to the supermarket today In present perfect I have had to go to the supermarket today Strong Possibility (95% sure) You have to be tired