Figure 1 Chemical structures of tested agonists

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Figure 1 Chemical structures of tested agonists Figure 1 Chemical structures of tested agonists. (A) Thioamides, which harbor the NCS moiety present in all known TAS2R38 agonists examined to date (circled). (B) Salicin, a β-glucoside, and sinigrin, a glucosinolate (with NCS component circled). From: Genetic, Functional, and Phenotypic Diversity in TAS2R38-Mediated Bitter Taste Perception Chem Senses. 2013;38(6):475-484. doi:10.1093/chemse/bjt016 Chem Senses | © The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com

Figure 2 Phenotypic threshold distributions Figure 2 Phenotypic threshold distributions. Shading indicates diplotype with respect to haplotypes outlined in Figure 3. Bars above each distribution indicate the range between minimum and maximum observed measures. From: Genetic, Functional, and Phenotypic Diversity in TAS2R38-Mediated Bitter Taste Perception Chem Senses. 2013;38(6):475-484. doi:10.1093/chemse/bjt016 Chem Senses | © The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com

Figure 3 TAS2R38 SNP, haplotype, and diplotype frequencies Figure 3 TAS2R38 SNP, haplotype, and diplotype frequencies. (A) Six haplotypes defined by 3 SNPs were observed in our sample. The composition of each haplotype with respect to nucleotide positions 145, 785, and 886 is shown, along with composition with respect to amino acid positions 49, 262, and 296. The number of occurrences of each haplotype indicates the total number of observations in the sample, which includes 2 haplotypes for each of the 56 subjects, for a total of 112 observations. (B) The number of occurrences and frequency of each observed diplotype (i.e., haplotype pairing in an individual). From: Genetic, Functional, and Phenotypic Diversity in TAS2R38-Mediated Bitter Taste Perception Chem Senses. 2013;38(6):475-484. doi:10.1093/chemse/bjt016 Chem Senses | © The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com

Figure 4 Results of in vitro functional assays Figure 4 Results of in vitro functional assays. Curves indicate dose–response profiles of each TAS2R38 variant to each tastant, with color key and EC<sub>50</sub> values at upper right. From: Genetic, Functional, and Phenotypic Diversity in TAS2R38-Mediated Bitter Taste Perception Chem Senses. 2013;38(6):475-484. doi:10.1093/chemse/bjt016 Chem Senses | © The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com

Figure 5 Comparison of functional responses Figure 5 Comparison of functional responses. Graphs indicate relative ΔF/F values for each agonist and TAS2R38 variant at the maximum agonist concentration not showing evidence of functional inhibition in Figure 4. 100 μM PTC, 100 μM PROP, 300 μM goitrin, 1000 μM methimazole, and 1000 μM sinigrin. Upper right panel shows raw values. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences from ΔF/F value for PAV. From: Genetic, Functional, and Phenotypic Diversity in TAS2R38-Mediated Bitter Taste Perception Chem Senses. 2013;38(6):475-484. doi:10.1093/chemse/bjt016 Chem Senses | © The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com

Figure 6 SNP–phenotype associations Figure 6 SNP–phenotype associations. Results of association tests between genotype at each variable position are shown for each tastant. P indicates probability of no association, r<sup>2</sup> indicates coefficient of determination, and β indicates effect size. From: Genetic, Functional, and Phenotypic Diversity in TAS2R38-Mediated Bitter Taste Perception Chem Senses. 2013;38(6):475-484. doi:10.1093/chemse/bjt016 Chem Senses | © The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com

Figure 7 Phenotypic associations with PAV/PAV, PAV/AVI, and AVI/AVI diplotypes (N = 48 subjects). The relative number of observations at each threshold is indicated by bar width. Raw values are given in Figures 2 and 3. From: Genetic, Functional, and Phenotypic Diversity in TAS2R38-Mediated Bitter Taste Perception Chem Senses. 2013;38(6):475-484. doi:10.1093/chemse/bjt016 Chem Senses | © The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com

Figure 8 Comparison of weighted association analyses (N = 56 subjects) with analyses restricted to PAV/PAV, PAV/AVI, and AVI/AVI diplotypes (N = 48 subjects). P indicates probability of no association, r<sup>2</sup> indicates coefficient of determination, and β indicates effect size. From: Genetic, Functional, and Phenotypic Diversity in TAS2R38-Mediated Bitter Taste Perception Chem Senses. 2013;38(6):475-484. doi:10.1093/chemse/bjt016 Chem Senses | © The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com