The Panama Canal By: Surabhi Dattatri Kushali Gupta Devika Mehta Insiya Neemuchwala Swetha Sathi

K.G. Here is the Situation Imagine we are all sailors who want our goods to be shipped to another location. There are two routes: One way will take you one month to reach your destination The other will take you anywhere from 8 to 10 hours. But, there is a catch to the second one, the water levels are different. You want to take the route that will take the least time but, how are you going to get through? YOUR TASK: Brainstorm a way you can safely take the second path. Talk amongst yourselves.

How it Works The Atlantic is slightly lower than the Pacific. K.G. How it Works The Atlantic is slightly lower than the Pacific. Constructed as a three part division Gatun Locks Pedro Miguel Locks Miraflores Locks Locks built in pair to allow two-way traffic Total transit time is about 8 to 10 hours

K.G. How It Works

How It Works How the locks work: Approach towards the lower chamber K.G. How the locks work: Approach towards the lower chamber The valve opens and water flows to sea level Gate opens, ship enters and gates close Valve opens of next chamber to increase water level Next door is opened and ship enters last chamber Water level is equalized

K.G.

Panama’s Revolution Panama’s battle for independence from Colombia D.M. Panama’s Revolution Panama’s battle for independence from Colombia Theodore Roosevelt supported the rebellion Took place on November 2, 1903

Panama’s Revolution Cont. D.M. Panama’s Revolution Cont. U.S. battleship Nashville was sent to Panama Roosevelt’s orders Stopped Colombian military from invading Successful rebellion (Panama won) Relatively easy battle U.S. recognized Republic of Panama Led to the Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty

Why? (Importance) Construction began in 1904 D.M. Why? (Importance) Construction began in 1904 Faster way to move between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans without traveling around South America Before Canal: East to West coast= 13,000 miles 67 days (That’s a lot!) After Canal: East to West coast= 5,200 miles (Almost 2/3 of journey eliminated)

Importance Continued Commercial Importance Save time and money Shortened sailing distance = reduces shipping costs Opened additional trade routes Military Importance 1903: Panama gave U.S. rights to canal for $10 million Easy and short method of transit for U.S. military vessels

Problems During Construction Shortages of labor and materials Accidents Terrain-difficult to work on Landslides Financial issues due to the cost of construction and pay for the laborers

Problems Cont. Disease Yellow Fever Malaria Problems Today S.D. Problems Cont. Disease Yellow Fever Malaria Problems Today Too narrow for modern-day ships (No longer “Panamax”) International Trade Traffic Jams

Roosevelt Corollary vs. Taft Dollar Diplomacy S.S. Roosevelt Corollary vs. Taft Dollar Diplomacy Roosevelt Corollary (1904) State of the Union address “Big Stick” policy Due to quote Relates to current situation Roosevelt’s increasing tension America’s interference Was hypocritical to the Monroe Doctrine Successful but feared

Roosevelt Corollary vs. Taft Dollar Diplomacy Continued S.S. Roosevelt Corollary vs. Taft Dollar Diplomacy Continued Taft Dollar Diplomacy (1909-1913) Created by William H. Taft Dollar diplomacy Stop of European powers Investment Uprisings Instability Revolutions Moral Diplomacy (Woodrow Wilson; 1913)

Treaties Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty (1903) I.N. Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty (1903) Allowed U.S. to cross Isthmus of Panama Exchange- financial aid and protection Panama Canal Treaty (1978) Under U.S. and Panama control Panama Canal Zone terminated Neutrality Treaty (1978) Open to all vessels U.S. can use military force

P.E.R.M.S Religion: Moral Diplomacy I.N. P.E.R.M.S Religion: Moral Diplomacy Military: Rise in power, Strategic location,Roosevelt Corollary, Additional military bases Social: Panama Canal Treaty, Neutrality Treaty, Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty, Roosevelt Corollary, Taft Dollar Diplomacy Political: Panama Canal Treaty, Neutrality Treaty, Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty, Roosevelt Corollary, Taft Dollar Diplomacy Economical: Cost of building, rapid transit for trade, Taft Dollar Diplomacy,More trade routes, Decreased shipping costs

Impacts Today Important to Panama Creates income and jobs S.D. & K.G. Important to Panama Creates income and jobs Helpful to the U.S. economy Imports and exports travel through Canal Handles 20% of U.S. imports from China Easier trading throughout the world Panama Canal expansion Widening the lanes and constructing more efficient locks Aid to the Navy Ranks second to rapidly transfer the Navy power from one ocean to the other.

S.D.

♫ Through the Canal ♫ (Sung to the tune of “Under the Sea”) K.G. ♫ Through the Canal ♫ (Sung to the tune of “Under the Sea”)