Plants Chapter 1

Absorb water and minerals Store food Roots Absorb water and minerals Store food Holds the plant to the soil/ground

Parts of the root Root hair: absorb water Root cap: keeps nutrients from escaping, protects root Epidermis: protection, outer layer, absorbs water Cortex: core, stores food and nutrients

Types of Roots Aerial: never touch the ground, get water from rain Fibrous: very thin, branch out to get water Taproots: start from ground, build up Prop: support the plant’s stem

Stems Support the plant Soft Stems and Woody Stems Examples: Transport system for nutrients Xylem: moves water and minerals Phloem: moves sugar from leaves to other parts

Photosynthesis vs. Respiration

Photosynthesis vs. Respiration NEED: carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight. Sunlight -> sugar & oxygen Oxygen leaves plant as “Waste” NEED: oxygen. Oxygen & sugars are inhaled, carbon dioxide is exhaled

Exit Questions Why do you think that people who own plants talk to them? Will this help the plants grow? Why/why not? Can plants survive without absorbing the carbon dioxide we breathe in? Explain why/why not.

Classifying Animals

Simple Invertebrates Sponges: do not have real tissues or organs. They are asymmetrical Cnidarians: soft-bodied creatures that have radial symmetry to divide in parts Worms: soft-bodied creatures with bilateral symmetry to divide into 2 parts only Nematodes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X1YiIiPUQR 8

Tell what type of symmetry these two shapes have

Complex Invertebrates Mollusks: Have a shell, and tissues that make up tentacles. Have bilateral symmetry Examples: snails, squids, clams. Echinoderms: skeleton is located inside the body. Have radial symmetry Examples: sea urchins, starfish Arthropods: skeleton is located outside the body. Have bilateral symmetry Examples: most insects, crabs

Vertebrates Fish: 3 types (Bony, Cartilage, Jawless) Cold-blooded Bony have bones & nerve cord Jawless suck in food whole, have nerve cord Cartilage have nerve cord made of cartilage Amphibians: can live in both land & water, cold-blooded Start with gills, develop lungs later Reptiles: cold blooded, scaly skin Need warmth from sun/light, shed skin Birds: 2 legs, warm-blooded, feathers, hollow bones

Quick Check What 3 characteristics do vertebrates have in common? What are the 3 classes of fish? Why do reptiles have to stay in the sun?

Mammals Have large brains, have hair (fur) and feed their own young Warm blooded: generate body temperature by burning food for energy Monotreme: lays eggs (platypus, spiny anteater) Marsupial: Partially developed newborns stay in pouch Kangaroos, Koala bears Placental: Fully developed newborns Humans, elephants, tigers

Quick Check Why are humans considered mammals? What does it mean to say that birds and mammals are warm-blooded? Why do mammals need to eat more than reptiles?

Animal Systems What is the purpose of your digestive system? What is the purpose of your respiratory system? Is there any system you cannot live without? Explain

Systems Respiratory: helps breathe, filters air Removes CO2 from blood, gets oxygen Digestive: helps break down food, separates nutrients Stomach acid = good bacteria Excretory System: filters toxins (kidneys, intestines, liver) Removes salt, water, carbon dioxide

Systems (Cont’d) Circulatory: Heart and blood vessels transfer nutrients Heart gives blood oxygen, picks up nutrients in intestines Nervous: Series of messages between brain and body Instincts, involuntary muscles, regular movements Endocrine: Releases hormones (Adrenaline)