Practices, Causes and Effects of Colonialism in South Asia

REMINDER: Summative Test 3.2 *Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism and Shinto

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LEARNING TARGETS: I CAN explain the causes of Europeans’ exploration and colonization of South Asia. I CAN identify the different European nationalities that colonized the different parts of South Asia.

Factors that Encouraged Exploration

1. DESIRE FOR GREATER WEALTH Europeans desired for new sources of wealth. Demands of spices (ginger, pepper, cinnamon, etc.) and luxury goods (porcelain, silk, etc.) from Asia grew after Crusades.

2. SPREAD OF CHRISTIANITY The belief of the sacred duty that the Europeans need to convert non-Christians influenced them to explore Asia.

3. TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES Navigational techniques, new sea vessels, utilization of astrolabes that was invented by the Muslims and compasses made by the Chinese made European voyages possible.

4. LAUNCHING OF CRUSADES Crusades (Holy War) were launched, first by Pope Urban II, to reclaim Holy Lands from the hands of the Turkish Muslims People who joined the crusades are known as CRUSADERS

5. THE TRAVELS OF MARCO POLO Marco Polo, a Venetian merchant, served as emissary of Kublai Khan, wrote the book entitled “The Travels of Marco Polo” which increased the Europeans’ knowledge of Asia.

FIRST WAVE OF EUROPEAN COLONIALISM AND IMPERIALISM IN SOUTH ASIA (16th to 17th Century)

PRINCE HENRY THE NAVIGATOR Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal established a school for the navigators and encouraged navigation.

PORTUGAL Henry the Navigator – inspired the Portuguese to explore the unknown seas. Bartholomew Diaz – reached the southern tip of Africa, which he named as Cape of Storms, then was later renamed as Cape of Good Hope.

PORTUGAL Vasco da Gama – reached Calcutta, India through Cape of Good Hope. Francisco Almeida– appointed as first viceroy in the India as the representative of the Portuguese monarchy.

SPAIN King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella I financed Spain’s voyages overseas. Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese who served under the Spanish crown, led the European’s first expedition to circumnavigate of the Earth.

NETHERLANDS The Dutch, through the Dutch East India Company, established trading ports along Indian coasts.

FRANCE The French, through the French East India Company, established trading ports and factories along Indian coasts, but they later lost it to the British.

ENGLAND The Englishmen, through the English East India Company, established trading ports and factories in India, such as Surat, Madras, Bombay and Calcutta.

EUROPEANS ESTABLISHED COLONIES Colonialism is the acquisition of lands for commercial and religious motives. Europeans look upon the colonies as their source of wealth.

Practices, Causes and Effects of Colonialism in South Asia