Unit 3 Earth History: Day 1 Focus: Earth History Theories 12/6/17 In your notebook, skip a page or two and make the next right-side page your new cover page (or insert another divider) with the title “Unit 3 - Earth History”. 2. Number the next left-side page as PAGE 39 and right-side page as PAGE 40. 3.Warm-up-Do this on page 39. What are the 3 types of rocks and how were they formed? You may set this up as a chart or write it in paragraph form. Use no more than ½ page.

Plan for the Day 1. Review the warm-up 2. Discuss homework 3. Copy and discuss E.Q. 4. “Earth History Theories” activities 5. Wrap-up

Warm-up: What are the 3 types of rocks and how were they formed? Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock Forms when lava or magma (molten rock) cools and hardens Forms when horizontal layers of eroded sediment (rock particles) become cemented (glued) together Forms when existing rock is changed through heat and pressure underground

Homework Worksheet – “Finding the Relative Age of Rocks/The Grandest Canyon of All” – due tomorrow- READ THE PASSAGE/ANSWER THE QUESTIONS.

Essential Question –Copy on page ___ below your warm-up (Yes) and leave space to answer it tomorrow. What are some theories that explain how Earth’s features may form and change over time?

Put your name on your new vocab. sheet and be ready to add #1 Geology.

Notes – Earth’s History and Those Who First Listened

How do we learn about the history of our planet? Through geology. What is geology? Geology – study of the history and structure of the Earth. A.D “Geo” means “Earth”. A.D. The solid Earth -parts made of rock/minerals

Theories of Geologic Change (Change in Landforms) There were two early theories about how Earth’s surface is shaped and changed: Uniformitarianism Catastrophism

Uniformitarianism and Catastrophism are theories about how Earth has changed over time. Theories are the best scientific explanation we have (based on research and observation) of how things happen(ed), because humans haven’t been around to witness most of Earth’s history.

Take out your homework on Earth History Theories/Rock Cycle.

Let’s see how you did on your homework Let’s see how you did on your homework. Check your chart as we go through the PowerPoint and make sure you add anything you were missing.

Uniformitarianism “uniform” – same Theory first proposed by James Hutton (1788)/revisited and agreed to by Charles Lyell (1830’s) Earth-shaping processes we observe today remain uniform and do not change over time. The same forces that shape Earth’s features today (weathering/erosion/deposition) shaped Earth in the past. Changes in Earth’s surface features are GRADUAL (slow) so Earth must be older than just a few thousand years.

Catastrophism “Catastrophe” – sudden disaster Theory accepted by most scientists of that time (1800’s) Geologic change occurs suddenly. Earth’s features are shaped by rare, sudden events (catastrophes) – earthquakes, volcanoes, asteroid impacts Thought Earth was only a few thousand years old.

Modern Geology + Theory accepted by scientists today – 21st century Although MOST geologic change is GRADUAL (slow) and UNIFORM (same processes as always/erosion and deposition)… Catastrophes (rare, sudden, events-earthquakes, volcanoes, asteroid impacts) have also caused geologic change on Earth. The 2 theories TOGETHER account for geologic change. +

Wrap-up- Does the following statement describe a uniformitarianism or catastrophism belief: Major geologic changes in the past happened at the same rate as they do in the present- GRADUALLY! Write your name and “U” or “C” on a small piece of paper. Make sure I can tell what the letter is.