9.1 The Industrial Revolution Begins 10.3.1 Analyze why England was the first country to industrialize. 10.3.2 Examine how scientific and technological changes and new reforms of energy brought about massive social, economic, and cultural change (e.g. inventions and discoveries of James Watt, Eli Whitney, Henry Bessemer, Louis Pasteur, Thomas Edison.)

Cottage Industry An industry where the creation of products and services is home-based, rather than factory-based. Products and services created by cottage industry are often unique and distinctive Not mass-produced

Create your own stationary

Problems with the Cottage Industry Cottage industry workers are paid by the piece, therefore supply and demand become a huge problem They can only produce so many items in a given time due to the extent of hard labor it takes to create unique items Cottage industry items cost more due to the time and labor put into the items On the other hand, factory workers get paid by the hour and are able to mass produce Mass production allows for more goods to be produced and drops the price 4

Draw this in your notes Cottage

Items are not mass produced, therefore costing consumers more money QUIZ WIZ Why do you think the Cottage Industry had difficulty surviving? Items are not mass produced, therefore costing consumers more money

Agricultural Revolution Agriculture farming Revolution a radical change in society Agriculture Revolution Significant change in agriculture that occurred through discoveries, inventions, and new technologies that change production

Agricultural Revolution was a radical change in agriculture QUIZ WIZ How can there be a Revolution in Agricultural? Agricultural Revolution was a radical change in agriculture

New Discoveries included...

Machine that planted seeds in well-spaced rows more seeds sprouted Seed Drill Machine that planted seeds in well-spaced rows more seeds sprouted

Crop Rotation The practice of planting a chain of crops in a field over a period of years. Rotations can maintain field fertility since different crops use different soil nutrients.

New techniques to increase size of animals Livestock New techniques to increase size of animals

As a Result of these Improvements: Farm out put increased More food was available People enjoyed healthier diets The population of Great Britain grew The Agriculture Revolution led to Industrial development by producing more goods with fewer workers

What were the results of the Agricultural Revolution? QUIZ WIZ What were the results of the Agricultural Revolution? -more food -healthier diets -population grew

Industrial Revolution Overview The Industrial revolution refers to the increased out-put of machine made good that began in Great Britain during the 1700s. The Industrial revolution brought technological advancements but also created social problems

What does it really mean? Industry- organized economic activity connected with the production, manufacture, or construction of a particular product or range of products Industrialization- to introduce industry into (an area) on a large scale. Revolution- a dramatic change in ideas or practice

Started in the Textile Industry Textile- A cloth, especially one manufactured by weaving or knitting; a fabric. Textile Industry-is a term used for industries dealing with the manufacturing of clothing as well as the distribution and use of textiles The Industrial Revolution started in the Textile Industry because it created the first factory!

What industry did the Industrial Revolution start in? QUIZ WIZ What industry did the Industrial Revolution start in? Textile

Why did Great Britain lead the way? Coal and water to power machines Iron ore to make machines and tools Rivers to move people and goods Good harbors for shipping goods to other lands Britain had a system of banks to fund new business Had a stable government Trade gave British entrepreneurs the capital need to open new factories

QUIZ WIZ Name 4 reasons why Great Britain led the way in the Industrial Revolution? Coal and water to power machines Iron ore to make machines and tools Rivers to move people and goods Good harbors for shipping goods to other lands Britain had a system of banks to fund new business Had a stable government Trade gave British entrepreneurs the capital need to open new factories

NEW INVENTIONS

Entrepreneurs Entrepreneur: a person who organizes, manages, and takes on the risks of a business. These people helped spur continuous new inventions and companies throughout the Industrial Revolution.

They take risks on business QUIZ WIZ Why are entrepreneur’s important for society? They take risks on business

Cotton Gin Eli Whitney created the Cotton Gin in 1793 The Cotton Gin sped cotton production by separating fibers from the seeds

Steam Engine James Watt created the Steam Engine in 1705- it was a new source of power Factories used to run using water based power but the creation of the steam engine transformed how factories were run

Water Frame In 1762, Richard Arkwright patented the water frame that could produce stronger threads for yarns. The first models were powered by waterwheels so the device came to be first known as the water frame It was the first powered, automatic, and continuous textile machine and enabled the move away from small home manufacturing towards factory production of textiles The water frame was also the first machine that could spin cotton threads

Spinning Jenny In 1764, James Hargreaves created the Spinning Jenny. The spinning jenny is a multi-spool spinning wheel that dramatically reduced the amount of work needed to produce yarn.

Power Loom Edmund Cartwright designed the Power Loom in 1784 The Power Loom was a steam-powered, mechanically-operated version of a regular loom A loom is a device that combined threads to make cloth When the power loom became efficient, women replaced most men as weavers in the textile factories

Flying Shuttle In 1733, John Kay invented the flying shuttle, an improvement to looms that enabled weavers to weave faster

Telegraph In 1836, Samuel Morse created the telegraph that could send messages in a short amount of time He proved that signals could be transmitted by wire and used pulses of current to deflect an electromagnet, which moved a marker to produce written codes on a strip of paper - the invention of Morse Code Until 1877, all rapid long-distance communication depended upon the telegraph

Improved Sewing Machine Isaac Singer created a more efficient sewing machine in 1851 which speed up clothing manufacturing His new ideas by1860 led the Singer Manufacturing Company to become the world's largest maker of sewing machines, and by 1863 Singer had received twenty patents for the machines

Telephone Alexander Graham Bell created instant communication with the telephone in 1876 In 1877, he and two other men formed the Bell Telephone Company to exploit the invention The first telephone exchange, operating under license from Bell Telephone, opened in New Haven, CT in 1878 and within three years, telephone exchanges existed in most major cities and towns

Bessemer Process During the 1850s,Henry Bessemer was able to quickly and cheaply make steel out of iron As strong metals are needed to build complicated machinery, Bessemer figured out a way to mix cold air to remove the impurities that weakened steel, and his converter was able to produce stronger steel that could be used in a wider variety of ways Blast of high-pressure air oxidizes impurities in molten iron and converts it to steel

Light Bulb In 1879, Thomas Edison electrified the word by making a long-lasting indoor electric light He put together what he knew about electricity with what he knew about gas lights and invented a whole of electrical system

Pasteurization & Vaccinations Louis Pasteur increased the shelf life of milk and created the first vaccines for rabies, anthrax, chicken cholera, silkworm diseases, in the 1860s The process of pasteurization was named after him after he discovered that spoilage organisms could be inactivated in wine by applying heat at temperatures below its boiling point The process was later applied to milk and remains the most important operation in the processing of milk

Airplane Oliver and Wilbur Wright made air travel possible by inventing the airplane in 1904 In the two years afterward, they developed their flying machine into the world's first practical fixed-wing aircraft, along with many other aviation milestones

Model T & the Assembly Line In1902, Henry Ford made an automobile that was affordable to the average person due to his efficient assembly line Ford found efficient ways to mass produce cars in order to lower the price by using interchangeable parts, continuous flow, division of labor, and reducing wasted effort

ALL of them had an impact! QUIZ WIZ Which invention do you think had the most impact on the Industrial Revolution? ALL of them had an impact!

Improvements in Transportation 41

Better Transportation Steam boats invented -1st steam boat (Clermont) was created from Watt’s steam engine idea Built better roads -roads were equipped with large stones for drainage with a smooth layer on top Railroads -Increased production and increased need to transport goods quickly and cheaply -Fueled other industries : coal, steam engines, iron -Made travel easier

More means of transportation Easier travel More output produced QUIZ WIZ What were the results of the improved transportation? More means of transportation Easier travel More output produced

Factory Work Several new inventions helped businesses produce cloth and clothing more quickly Business owners built huge factories to mass produce items for a higher profit Business owners primarily invested in new machinery over the well being of their employees

Industrial Life The new inventions created helped the machine driven factories to expand Factories created new jobs for workers New and improved transportation allowed people to work in areas away from home (rural areas to cities) Eventually causing a population shift from rural living to city living

Why would business owners invest in new machinery over workers? QUIZ WIZ Why would business owners invest in new machinery over workers? They were focused on making the most profit and machines were replacing people

2. Factories develop to house the machines Cause & Effect 1. Machines are Invented 2. Factories develop to house the machines 3. Industrialization develops creating the Industrial Revolution! 4. Factories provided new jobs 5. People migrated from rural areas to urban center for work

What were the results of the Industrial Revolution? QUIZ WIZ What were the results of the Industrial Revolution? -new inventions -factories created due to industrialization -new jobs were created -population grew -migration from rural to city