Islam Students will understand the origin, beliefs, traditions, customs, and spread of Islam

Agenda CBM Notes – beliefs & spread Exit Pass: Vocabulary matching Homework: 5 Pillars: photos/captions Academic: Key Terms – Due Test Day (March 7th) Pre-AP: Guided Reading – Reading Quiz March 5th SS Fair Research Final Topics Due March 1

Early Arabic Civilization Arabs – people from the Arabian Peninsula Nomads – moved in search of food and water Caravan Trade – traded between Mediterranean Sea and Indian Ocean Arabs spoke a Semitic language – similar to Hebrew Arabian peninsula located between Africa and Asia – surrounded by Arabian, Red & Mediterranean Seas Arabian peninsula – mostly desert Oasis – large pool of water in desert Water=life

Muhammad born in Mecca c. AD 570 married to Khadija 610: heard a voice saying “Proclaim!” began preaching social justice, equality, rejection of traditional gods Angel Gabriel visited Muhammad & told him to “recite the name of the lord” Prior to Muhammad: animistic religion – polytheistic different tribes/clans worshipped different gods

Muhammad 622: threatened with death, fled to Medina (Hijra) 630: w/ thousands of followers, returned to Mecca died in 632 Hijra – fled from Mecca to Medina – feared persecution 622 – year 1 of Islamic calendar 630 – Muhammad, as religious and political leader, returns with his followers to Mecca. People quickly surrender and convert to Islam Islam – “Surrender to God”

Beliefs monotheism: Allah Islam: “surrender to God” Muslim: “one who submits to the will of God” Qu’ran (Koran): sacred text, believed to be direct literal word of Allah Islam completes the teachings of Judaism and Christianity Allah – arabic word for god – creator of heaven (paradise) and earth Priests are unnecessary – people communicate with god directly through prayer Qu’ran – holy book – word of god as revealed to Muhammad – translations are discouraged

Beliefs Muhammad is the last and greatest prophet Others include: Abraham Moses Jesus

Beliefs five pillars (duties) declaration of faith daily prayer alms to the poor fasting during Ramadan hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca Faith – there is no god but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet Prayer – 5 times a day toward Mecca – pre-dawn, noon, late afternoon, sunset, bedtime Alms – charity for the poor Fasting – no food or drink during daylight during holy month of Ramadan Hajj – pilgrimage to Mecca once in life – only for those who are financially and physically able

Shari’a Shari’a – Muslim Law “Whoever strays bears the full responsibility of straying.” No pork No gambling No drinking No marriage to non-believers No recognition of separation of Church and state Law set out in Qu’ran Shari’a covers beliefs, rituals and daily practices

Holy city of Mecca during annual Hajj

the Ka’aba Ka’aba – most holy site for Muslims – in Mecca The Qur'an states that the Kaaba was constructed by Abraham and his son Ishmael, after Ishmael had settled in Arabia[3]. One of the Five Pillars of Islam requires every Muslim to perform the Hajj pilgrimage at least once in his or her lifetime if they are able to do so. Multiple parts of the Hajj require pilgrims to walk seven times around the Kaaba in a Anti-Clockwise direction . The most dramatic times are during the Hajj, when about 60 million (officially) pilgrims simultaneously gather to circle the building on the same day.[4][5] ` the Ka’aba

Beliefs “People of the Book” – Jews and Christians same god, many of same prophets Allah is the same god worshipped by Jews and Christians Muslims see Jesus as a prophet – not the son of god To Muslims, the Qu’ran is the final book – following the Torah and Bible All three religions believe in heaven and hell Muslims trace ancestry to Abraham as Christians and Jews do. Shari’a law requires Muslims to extend religious tolerance to Christians and Jews

Exit Pass: Look at the five pictures on your paper Write a caption for each picture that describes the Muslim belief represented Hand in when finished.

Spread of Islam spread quickly along trade routes, w/ military victories reasons for appeal: simple, direct message equality of all believers based on oral traditions – did not need to be literate

Divisions conflict over Muhammad’s successor (caliph) Sunnis: caliph should be chosen by Muslim leaders Shi’ites (Shi’a): caliph should be descendant of Muhammad