The Internet and the World Wide Web CHAPTER 3 The Internet and the World Wide Web

LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of this class, students should be able to: Explain and differentiate the Internet and World Wide Web Describe the Internet services

INTERNET Large network that connects smaller networks globally. A worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, education institutions and individuals. Picture source: http://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/science-and-technology/future-internet Most developed network system currently in use; connects people all over the world Originally started in 1969 when US funded a research project (ARPANET—Advanced Research Project Agency Network) CERN – Center for European Nuclear Research World Wide Web (Web) is a part of the Internet – not the Internet; introduced in 1992 by consortium in Switzerland. Originally started as research and text-based network to exchange research ideas from university to university Developed into a network of networks One of the most powerful tools of the 21st century Internet & Web further clarified Internet is the actual physical network comprised of wires, cables (Key Term), & satellites Being connected to the network is often referred to as being online (Key Term) The Web is a multimedia interface to resources available on the internet

History of Internet The Internet, or Net, was Launched in 1969. National computer network US funded project called ARPANET. Started by the Pentagon’s Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA) - U.S. Department of Defense. Original Goal allow scientist from different location to share information and work together on military science projects. could function even if part of the network were disabled or destroyed by a disaster or nuclear attack. Most developed network system currently in use; connects people all over the world Originally started in 1969 when US funded a research project (ARPANET—Advanced Research Project Agency Network) CERN – Center for European Nuclear Research World Wide Web (Web) is a part of the Internet – not the Internet; introduced in 1992 by consortium in Switzerland. Originally started as research and text-based network to exchange research ideas from university to university Developed into a network of networks One of the most powerful tools of the 21st century Internet & Web further clarified Internet is the actual physical network comprised of wires, cables (Key Term), & satellites Being connected to the network is often referred to as being online (Key Term) The Web is a multimedia interface to resources available on the internet

THE WORLD WIDE WEB The web, short for World Wide Web, is one of the more popular services on the Internet. World Wide Web or WWW was introduced in 1992 at CERN (Center for European Nuclear Research). Contains billions of documents called Web pages. A Web page can contain: Text Graphics Audio Video It has built-in connection or links to other documents, graphics and other Web pages or Web sites. A Web site is a collection of related Web pages. Picture source: http://www.bubblews.com/news/1438021-how-is-the-size-of-the-world-wide-web-the-internet-estimated Most developed network system currently in use; connects people all over the world Originally started in 1969 when US funded a research project (ARPANET—Advanced Research Project Agency Network) CERN – Center for European Nuclear Research World Wide Web (Web) is a part of the Internet – not the Internet; introduced in 1992 by consortium in Switzerland. Originally started as research and text-based network to exchange research ideas from university to university Developed into a network of networks One of the most powerful tools of the 21st century Internet & Web further clarified Internet is the actual physical network comprised of wires, cables (Key Term), & satellites Being connected to the network is often referred to as being online (Key Term) The Web is a multimedia interface to resources available on the internet

The Internet and the Web Actual physical network comprised of wires, cables & satellites Being connected to the network is often referred to as being online Connect millions of computers and resources throughout the world. Web A multimedia interface to the resources available on the Internet. Most developed network system currently in use; connects people all over the world Originally started in 1969 when US funded a research project (ARPANET—Advanced Research Project Agency Network) CERN – Center for European Nuclear Research World Wide Web (Web) is a part of the Internet – not the Internet; introduced in 1992 by consortium in Switzerland. Originally started as research and text-based network to exchange research ideas from university to university Developed into a network of networks One of the most powerful tools of the 21st century Internet & Web further clarified Internet is the actual physical network comprised of wires, cables (Key Term), & satellites Being connected to the network is often referred to as being online (Key Term) The Web is a multimedia interface to resources available on the internet

Browsers Programs that provide access to Web resources. Browsers allow you to search or surf the Web It uses URL (uniform resource locator) to connect to other resources It may contain hyperlinks, graphics and text Primary functions of web browsers: To bring information resources to the user (retrieval / fetching) Allowing users to view the information (display, rendering) Access other information (navigation, following links) Example of well-known browsers: Mozilla Firefox Google chrome Microsoft Internet Explorer Opera Safari Picture source: http://outlooksettings.com/how-to-remove-bing-toolbar/simple-steps-to-remove-bing-toolbar-from-web-browsers/ Browsers allow you to search or surf the Web Navigate, search for information and communicate using the Web Use URL (uniform resource locator) to connect to other resources

Browsers Eight common user interface elements in a browser are: Back and forward buttons to go back to the previous resource and forward respectively. A refresh or reload button to reload the current resource. A stop button to cancel loading the resource. In some browsers, the stop button is merged with the reload button. A home button to return to the user's home page. An address bar to input the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) of the desired resource and display it. A search bar to input terms into a search engine. In some browsers, the search bar is merged with the address bar. A status bar to display progress in loading the resource and also the URI of links when the cursor hovers over them, and page zooming capability. The viewport the visible area of the webpage within the browser window. Browsers allow you to search or surf the Web Navigate, search for information and communicate using the Web Use URL (uniform resource locator) to connect to other resources

Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) URL is a formatted text string used by Web browsers, email clients and other software to identify a network resource on the Internet. All URLs have at least two parts: Protocol is the rules for exchanging data between computers. Domain name is the name of the server where the resource is located. Domain code/top-level domain identifies the type of organization.

INTERNET SERVICES Communications is the most popular Internet activity Types of communications: E-mail or electronic mail (Key Term) Transmission of electronic messages (Key Term) over the Internet Has three basic parts: header (Key Term), message, and signature Header Address Subject – very important to include this in a message Attachments (Key Term) Spam (Key Term) – unsolicited e-mail Distraction, Nuisance Discussion groups Participate in forums and debates Includes mailing lists (Key Term), newsgroups (Key Term), chat groups (Key Term), and instant messaging (Key Term) Mailing lists – message is sent to a list address (Key Term) Newsgroups – uses a special network called UseNet (Key Term) Chat - allows direct, live communications IRC – Internet Relay Chat (Key Term) is a very popular chat service IM – instant messaging, can send messages back and forth in real time Lurking (Key Term) - this is a technique you can use before you participate in a discussion group You observe and don't respond until you feel more comfortable with the group

INTERNET SERVICES Communication Searching Online shopping Exchanging e-mail Discussion Groups Instant messaging Social networking Searching Search engine Online shopping E-commerce Entertainment Education or e-learning Picture source: https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/internet-reduction-technology-mvfu Most common Internet applications Communicating - sending e-mail and discussion group participation You can chat live with others Ask students what chat software they use Shopping – fastest-growing applications Searching - using virtual libraries Entertainment – music downloads; integration of TV and PC Education or e-learning You can take classes on almost any subject (Key Term)

Communication Most popular Internet activity Types of communication E-Mail Social Networking Instant Messaging Discussion Groups Picture source: http://siliconangle.com/blog/2013/05/23/how-to-switch-email-services-easily-keep-all-your-mails-contacts/ Picture source: http://www.jamalaplanit.com/social-media-marketing-tactics-2013/ Communications is the most popular Internet activity Types of communications: E-mail or electronic mail (Key Term) Transmission of electronic messages (Key Term) over the Internet Has three basic parts: header (Key Term), message, and signature Header Address Subject – very important to include this in a message Attachments (Key Term) Spam (Key Term) – unsolicited e-mail Distraction, Nuisance Discussion groups Participate in forums and debates Includes mailing lists (Key Term), newsgroups (Key Term), chat groups (Key Term), and instant messaging (Key Term) Mailing lists – message is sent to a list address (Key Term) Newsgroups – uses a special network called UseNet (Key Term) Chat - allows direct, live communications IRC – Internet Relay Chat (Key Term) is a very popular chat service IM – instant messaging, can send messages back and forth in real time Lurking (Key Term) - this is a technique you can use before you participate in a discussion group You observe and don't respond until you feel more comfortable with the group

Electronic Mail Also known as e-mail. Transmission of electronic messages over the Internet. To send email we need: E-mail account Access to the Internet E-mail program Internet uses the domain name system (DNS), which gives names and numbers to people and computers Address has three parts User name - identifies unique user or computer in the domain Domain name - references a specific organization Domain code (Key Term) - geographical location or organizational identification Domain identification = .com = commercial = .edu = education and research = .org = organizations (usually non-profit) = .net = major network centers (usually easier to access than commercial) = .gov = government

Basic Parts of an e-Mail 3 basic parts of electronic mail: Header Address Subject Attachment Message Signature Line Internet uses the domain name system (DNS), which gives names and numbers to people and computers Address has three parts User name - identifies unique user or computer in the domain Domain name - references a specific organization Domain code (Key Term) - geographical location or organizational identification Domain identification = .com = commercial = .edu = education and research = .org = organizations (usually non-profit) = .net = major network centers (usually easier to access than commercial) = .gov = government

E-Mail Address Internet uses the domain name system (DNS), which gives names and numbers to people and computers Address has three parts: User name - identifies unique user or computer in the domain Domain name – references of a specific organization Domain code - geographical location or organizational identification Most common domain identification are: = .com = commercial = .edu = education and research = .org = organizations (usually non-profit) = .net = major network centres (usually easier to access than commercial) = .gov = government Internet uses the domain name system (DNS), which gives names and numbers to people and computers Address has three parts User name - identifies unique user or computer in the domain Domain name - references a specific organization Domain code - geographical location or organizational identification Domain identification = .com = commercial = .edu = education and research = .org = organizations (usually non-profit) = .net = major network centers (usually easier to access than commercial) = .gov = government

Social Networking A social networking service is an online service (most of it are web- based) for people around the world to share interests, activities, backgrounds or real-life connections. It allow individuals to create a public profile (user’s profile), to create a list of users with whom to share connection (social links) , and view and cross the connections within the system. It also provide means for users to interact over the Internet, such as e- mail and instant messaging. Social network sites provide tools for photo and video sharing and blogging. Among popular social networking sites are: Facebook Twitter Instagram Flickr MySpace Picture source: http://www.socialmediaexaminer.com/18-social-media-marketing-tips/ Source: wikipedia.org

Discussion Groups Mailing lists Newsgroups Chat groups Group of e-mail names and addresses given a single name. When a message is sent to the mailing list, everyone on the list receives the message. Newsgroups Online area where users discuss a particular subject. Chat groups Real-time typed conversation that takes place on a computer. Chat room is a location on an Internet server that permits users to discuss topics of interest. Mailing lists allow members to communicate via a list address Sign up by sending an email request to the mailing list subscription address (Key Term) Messages sent Unsubscribe Newsgroups use the UseNet Most popular discussion group Located on a special network called UseNet Chat groups support live conversations IRC (Internet Relay Chat) favorite of many users Allow “live” communication in real time Communication by typed messages Lurking is good – Reading communications before contributing Helps potential participants understand the culture of the group Uses lists (instant messaging) to activate notification when live Must join, then sign on to participate Individual communication Group communication Mailing lists are more private than Chat groups

Instant Messaging Online chat that offers real-time text transmission over the internet. It is an extension of email that provides direct, live communication between two or more people. Some instant messaging programs also include extra features such as: Text/voice chat File transfer and file sharing (photo, video) Voice/video call Location sending Currently, instant messaging applications have been downloaded in  smartphones and mobile device. Most widely used instant messaging application software are: WeChat WhatsApp Facebook Messenger Line Skype (Desktop and mobile) QQ (Desktop and mobile) Picture source: http://e27.co/will-instant-messaging-applications-kill-sms-in-2013/

Search Engines Specialized programs to assist in locating information needed on the internet. Types of searching method: Keyword search User must enter keyword or phrases reflecting the information needed. Directory search Provided by search engine. Users can choose a directory or list of categories or topics that fits the information needed. Keyword search – enter a keyword or a phrase Returns a number of hits (Key Term) Each hit includes a hyperlink Directory search Known as an index search Select a category or topic that fits the information you want Note: a recent study by the NEC Research Institute found that any one search engine includes only a fraction of the informational sources on the Web

Electronic Commerce Short for electronic commerce Business transaction that occurs over the Internet. Business to consumer (B2C) Sale of goods to general public Consumer to consumer (C2C) One consumer sells directly to another Business to business (B2B) Business providing goods and services to other businesses

Electronic Commerce ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Goods and services can be purchased at any time of day or night. Inability to provide immediate delivery of goods. Buyers do not need to go to the shop to buy goods. Inability to “try on” prospective purchases. Reduce inventory. Security of online payment. Electronic commerce is buying and selling over the Internet Three basic types of electronic commerce: business to consumer; consumer to consumer; and business to business Web storefronts (Key Term) are virtual stores for B2C commerce; just like being in the store except you do it from home Web auctions (Key Term) growing in popularity; similar to traditional auctions – no one sees each other Auction house sites – merchandise presented for auction Person-person auction sites – more like flea markets; forum for buyers and sellers to gather Electronic payment -- easy, secure payment method Checks -- slowest and least convenient Credit cards -- easier to work with, somewhat vulnerable to theft Electronic cash (Key Term) or e-cash (Key Term) -- also known as cybercash (Key Term) and digital cash (Key Term) Purchased from third party (usually a special bank); more secure than credit cards

Entertainment A website which offers an interactive and engaging environment. Popular entertainment Web sites offer music, videos, sports, games, chats and others.

Educational A website which offers exciting, challenging avenues for formal and informal teaching and learning. Some examples are: Companies provide online training to employees. Colleges offer online classes. Instructor use to enhance classroom teaching by publishing course materials and others supporting materials through special webpage. Online lecture through Skype or recorded video. P icture source: http://www.360training.com/blog/4-trends-to-watch-in-online-education/